RAPID: Work, Family, and Social Well-Being among Couples in the Context of COVID-19

COVID-19扰乱了日常工作和家庭生活。在美国，超过2.97亿人被完全或部分限制社交距离。数百万人被告知远程工作;其他人被认为是必不可少的，发现自己处于这一前所未有的流行病的前线。一半以上的学校关闭，3300多万儿童留在家中。因此，数以百万计的双收入家庭被迫寻找新的方式来平衡工作和家庭的相互竞争的需求，同时保持个人和关系的福祉。在COVID-19之前，研究一直显示，工人经历的工作与家庭冲突高于家庭与工作冲突;然而，工人现在可能经历同样高的家庭与工作冲突，如果不是更高的话，因为他们必须在同一个地方兼顾工作和家庭：家。这两种冲突都会对个人和家庭产生负面影响，包括心理困扰，焦虑，愤怒，内疚和夫妻关系质量下降。迄今为止，大多数研究都使用个人层面的数据测试了工作对家庭冲突的溢出效应;很少有人研究了分析中包括两个成员的交叉效应，纵向的就更少了。该项目将在三个时间点对双收入夫妇的成年人进行调查和访谈，以评估在COVID-19的背景下，双收入夫妇的工作、家庭和健康状况发生了哪些变化。 该项目的调查结果将为工作场所制定政策提供信息，以在危机时期和重返工作岗位的过渡时期支持工人及其家人，从而促进从这一大流行病中恢复过来，并为未来的极端事件做好准备。这些是培训雇主/工人对家庭友好政策进行就业干预的最佳做法所需的关键见解，促进组织变革，促进健康的工作场所，从而促进健康和福祉，并促进美国的就业。S.由于学校关闭、远程工作的要求和社交距离的规定，新冠肺炎扰乱了工作和家庭安排。该项目采用混合方法，在一年多的时间里，将调查和对双收入夫妇的深入访谈结合起来。该项目将在三个时间点收集数据：基线（当大多数国家处于封锁命令下时），过渡（命令开始逐步取消后）和适应（检测到第一例社区传播后一年）。该项目将使用传统的单人数据分析策略，包括增长曲线建模和面板回归，以及二元数据分析方法，演员-合作伙伴相互依赖模型，来分析调查数据（n=300对夫妇; 600人）。对于定性数据，该项目将使用主题分析来识别感知/行为工作-家庭冲突，工作场所资源/支持，心理健康和关系的紧急模式。该项目将使用定性软件包NVIVO来管理采访数据。该项目的研究成果将为有关工作-家庭冲突和住宿的社会学理论以及与家庭劳动的性别分工相关的理论提供信息。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估而被认为值得支持。

COVID-19 has disrupted daily work and home lives. More than 297 million people in the U.S. have been placed on full or partial social distancing restrictions. Millions were told to work remotely; others were deemed essential and found themselves on the frontline of this unprecedented pandemic. More than half the schools are closed, leaving more than 33 million children at home. Consequently, millions of dual-income families have been forced to find new ways to balance the competing needs of work and family while maintaining individual and relational well-being. Prior to COVID-19, research consistently showed workers to experience higher work-to-family than family-to-work conflict; however, workers may now experience as high, if not higher, family-to-work conflict given that they have to juggle work and family from the same location: home. Both of these conflicts can have negative effects on individuals and families, including psychological distress, anxiety, anger, guilt, and decreased couple relationship quality. Most studies to date have tested spillover effects of work to family conflict using individual-level data; few have examined the crossover effect with both members included in the analysis, and even fewer longitudinally. This project will survey and interview both adults of dual-income couples at three time points to assess how work, family, and health among dual-income couples have changed within the context of COVID-19. Findings from this project will inform workplaces on the development of policies to support workers and their families during times of crisis and return-to-work transitions, thus facilitating recovery from this pandemic and preparedness for future extreme events. These are key insights needed to train employers/workers on best practices for employment interventions on family-friendly policies, facilitating organizational change and contributing to healthy workplaces, thus facilitating health and well-being and U. S. economic competitiveness.Covid-19 has disrupted work and family arrangements owing to school closures, requirements for telework, and social distancing mandates. This project uses a mixed-methods approach by combining surveys and in-depth interviews with both members of a sample of dual-income couples over one year. The project will collect data at three time points: baseline (while most of country is under lockdown orders), transition (after orders start to phase out), and adaptation (one year after the first case of community transmission was detected). The project will use both a traditional single person data analysis strategy, including growth curve modeling and panel regression, and a dyadic data analytical method, the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, to analyze survey data (n=300 couples; 600 individuals). For the qualitative data, the project will use a thematic analysis to identify emergent patterns on perceptual/behavioral work-family conflict, workplace resources/support, mental health, and relationships. The project will use the qualitative software package NVIVO to manage interview data. Findings from the project will inform sociological theories regarding work-family conflict and accommodation, as well as theories related to the gendered division of household labor.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.