The Volga Region as an indicator for language policy in the multinational Russia of today. Multilingualism in the area of tension between the Republics and the Federation

作为苏联的正式继承国，俄罗斯联邦在其宪法中将自己视为一个多民族国家，并适用双语和多语原则。然而，自进入世纪以来，越来越多的措施开始生效，这些措施侧重于以俄语为基础的民族国家：例如，关于西里尔字母为所有国家语言的唯一字母的法律（2002年），2007年《教育法》（第7条废除了以前在俄罗斯联邦各组成共和国法律中的地区和国家部分），2009年实行仅以俄语进行的国家统一考试，并实行仅以俄语而非民族语言进行的联邦语言课程。这些措施是各共和国和联邦一级有争议的讨论主题。该项目旨在分析俄罗斯联邦最近关于非俄罗斯民族语言的语言政策的方向变化。此外，与对当代俄罗斯联邦的其他调查不同，该项目将把注意力集中在各共和国作为联邦制度的主要主体的观点上，以显示俄罗斯联邦语言政策的法律的方面和现实。这一政策的试金石是伏尔加联邦区，该区由六个共和国组成，涵盖广泛的社会语言特征，因此可以得出关于俄罗斯联邦其他共和国的结论。在方法上，该项目侧重于语言情况的类型学概念和基于计算机的语言意识形态话语分析：将研究伏尔加各共和国现行语言立法和方案的概念化和执行情况与联邦语言政策的关系，这种关系往往是紧张的;基于计算机的语言话语分析-在伏尔加共和国和联邦一级的相关辩论将使我们能够详细说明在多国政府中处理多语制的方式。状态为了对语言意识形态进行话语分析研究，将汇编一个计算机语料库，其中包括语言节目、语言辩论和对各共和国语言政治行为者的采访。然后，将使用为定性分析开发的软件和论证分析方法对此进行分析和评估。分析的领域将是教育部门和大众媒体，教育部门将塑造下一代，大众媒体将影响广大人口，拟议的项目与伏尔加地区的合作伙伴密切合作，在此背景下，它将寻求阐明一个多民族国家的语言政策，作为欧洲理事会成员，负责保护文化和语言多样性。

As the official successor state to the USSR, the Russian Federation (RF) conceives of itself in its constitution as a multiethnic state, in which the principles of bi- and multilingualism apply. However, since the turn of the century, an increasing number of measures have entered into effect which are focussed on a (Russian) language-based nation state: e.g. the law regarding the Cyrillic alphabet as the sole alphabet for all state languages (2002), the Education Act of 2007 (Art. 7 of which abolished the regional and national components which had previously been anchored in the laws of the constituent Republics of the RF), the introduction of common state examinations, in the Russian language only, in 2009 and the introduction of federal language programmes only for Russian, not for national languages. These measures are subjects of controversial discussions between the republics and the federal level. This project seeks to analyse this change of direction in the RFs recent language policy regarding the non-Russian national languages. Furthermore, and in contrast to other investigations into the contemporary RF, the project will focus its attention upon the perspective of the Republics as the main subjects in federal systems in order to show both the legal aspects and the reality of RF language policy. The touchstone for this policy is the Volga Federal District, which is made up of six Republics covering a broad spectrum of sociolinguistic profiles, and from which one can therefore draw conclusions about other Republics of the RF. Methodologically, the project focuses on typological conceptions of language situations and on a computer-based discourse analysis of language ideology: the conceptualisation and implementation of the current language legislation and programmes of the Volga Republics will be investigated in their relationship, often tense, to federal language policy; the computer-based discourse analysis of language-related debates both in the Volga Republic and at the federal level will allow us to detail the ways in which multilingualism is dealt with in the multinational state. For the discourse-analytical examination of language ideology, a computer corpus of language programmes, language debates and interviews with language-politics actors in the Republics will be compiled. This will then be analysed and assessed using both software developed for qualitative analysis, and methods of argumentation analysis. The fields of analysis will be the education sector, which shapes the next generation, and the mass media, which reaches large sectors of the population.The proposed project cooperates closely with partners in the Volga region, against the backdrop of which it will seek to illuminate the language policy of a multinational state which, as a member of the Council of Europe, is charged with the preservation of cultural and linguistic diversity.