Frameworks: MUSES, Modular Unified Solver of the Equation of State

最近从旋转中子星表面热点探测到的x射线，以及对中子星碰撞时发出的引力波的观测，有希望在一个以前无法进入的领域揭示核天体物理现象的奥秘。与此同时，在实验室中，重离子碰撞实验，类似于微型中子星合并，可以揭示极端温度和密度下物质特性的互补信息。伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校、国家超级计算应用中心、休斯顿大学、肯特州立大学和其他几个辅助机构的一个核心研究小组正在创建一个新的网络基础设施，可以快速有效地描述不同密度和温度下的核物质。这个开放的网络基础设施允许用户通过与NASA的中子星内部成分探测器、美国国家科学基金会的激光干涉仪引力波天文台、美国能源部在相对论重离子对撞机上的固定目标电磁跟踪器和其他国际设施的数据进行比较，了解物质组成部分的本质。该项目通过在线科学门户向社区提供服务，通过附加教程、扩展展示和详细文档，使终端用户更容易接近高端计算。该研究计划创建了一个网络基础设施，缪斯（EoS的模块化统一求解器），为各种科学界提供新颖的工具，以帮助回答核天体物理学、引力波天体物理学和重离子实验中的关键跨学科问题。研究人员正在创建现代、高效和可并行的代码，以在不同的密度、压力和温度下生成2、3或4维的状态方程模块。然后将这些模块集成到一个单一的、标准化的全球计算引擎中，该引擎允许快速生成贯穿量子色动力学（强相互作用的基本理论）整个相图的状态方程。该项目创建了一个带有一系列应用程序编程接口的web界面，允许外部用户远程运行MUSES网络基础设施，并将其部署在高性能计算集群中。特别是，muse的即插即用可操作性允许外部用户在状态方程包中选择参数，以运行给定的一组模块，并生成具有一组可观察到的副产物的全局EoS。该项目推进了美国国家科学基金会物理部和高级网络基础设施办公室的目标。该奖项由先进网络基础设施办公室颁发，由宇宙之窗NSF大创意项目、物理部（PHY）的信息前沿物理学（PIF）项目和天文科学部（AST）共同支持。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The recent detection of X-rays from hot spots on the surface of rotating neutron stars and the observation of the gravitational waves emitted when neutron stars collide hold the promise of revealing the mysteries of nuclear astrophysical phenomena in a previously inaccessible regime. Meanwhile, in the laboratory, heavy-ion collision experiments, akin to miniature neutron star mergers, can reveal complementary information about the properties of matter at extreme temperatures and densities. A core group of research teams at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, the University of Houston, Kent State University, and several other auxiliary institutions are creating a new cyberinfrastructure that can rapidly and efficiently describe nuclear matter across vastly different densities and temperatures. This open cyberinfrastructure allows users to understand the nature of the building blocks of matter through comparisons with data from NASA’s Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer, the National Science Foundation’s Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, the Department of Energy’s fixed target Solenoid Tracker at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, and other international facilities. The project provides outreach to the community through an online science portal that makes high-end computations more approachable for end users with additional tutorials, extended showcases, and detailed documentation.The research plan creates a cyberinfrastructure, MUSES (Modular Unified Solver of the EoS), that provides various scientific communities with novel tools to help answer critical interdisciplinary questions in nuclear astrophysics, gravitational wave astrophysics, and heavy-ion experiments. The investigators are creating modern, efficient and parallelizable code to generate equation-of-state modules in different regimes of density, pressure, and temperature in either 2, 3, or 4 dimensions. These modules are then integrated into a single, standardized global calculational engine that allows the fast generation of equations-of-state across the entire phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics — the fundamental theory of strong interactions. The project creates a web interface with a collection of application programming interfaces that allows external users to run the MUSES cyberinfrastructure remotely and deploy it in high-performance computing clusters. In particular, the plug-and-play operability of MUSES allows external users to select parameters in the equation-of-state package to run a given set of modules and generate a global EoS with a chosen set of observable byproducts. This project advances the goals of the Division of Physics and the Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure of the National Science Foundation.This award by the Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure is jointly supported by the Windows on the Universe NSF Big Idea program, the Physics at the Information Frontier (PIF) program in the Division of Physics (PHY), and the Division of Astronomical Sciences (AST).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.