MUSES: Material Use, Infrastructural Change, and Environmental Impacts for Alternative Fuels and Vehicles

缪思：替代燃料和车辆的材料使用、基础设施变化以及环境影响

• 批准号: 0628084
• 负责人: Lester Lave
• 金额: $ 150万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-10-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0628084&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MUSES; Material; Use; Infrastructural; Change

Abstract (CTS-0628084 / Carnegie Mellon University)Title: MUSES: Material Use, Infrastructure Change, and Environmental Impacts for Alternative Fuels and Vehicles PIs: Lester B. Lave, Chris Hendrickson, H. Scott Matthews, Jeremy Michalek, W. Michael GriffinWhile there is considerable interest in alternative fuels among policy makers,automobile manufacturers and fuel providers, substantial economic and technical challenges remain. The adoption of any alternative fuel requires changes throughout the supply chain. Even a liquid fuel such as ethanol that is compatible with current infrastructure can induce dramatic changes, so proper accounting of infrastructure requirements is critical to a complete analysis of material flows and environmental impacts and for a transition to sustainable infrastructure. While much existingresearch address processes and technology for producing alternative fuels, most do not account for the necessary changes in infrastructure. The project proposes to focus our work upon the infrastructure requirements and best technologies for a future of sustainable alternative fuels and to explore different infrastructure options by creating scenarios for each alternative fuel/light duty vehicle option of interest.The project uses the concept of industrial ecology as our system-wide approach to analyzing the body of issues related to material flows. The project will assess the entire life cycle of various infrastructure components, alternative fuels and vehicle options using a hybrid approach combining process and product specific models coupled with a national economic-input-output life-cycle assessment model developed at Carnegie Mellon. The degree to which any alternative fuel and/or propulsion system is adopted for light-duty vehicles in the United States will depend critically on how well the resulting attributes satisfy preferences in the marketplace. The project will use Life Cycle based analyses in conjunction with consumer choice models of heterogeneous demand with engineering simulations of attainable vehicle attributes to predict market acceptance and likely firm response for alternative fuels and vehicles under several regulatory incentives, technology progress, and infrastructural scenarios. Results from this work will suggest the most promising alternatives based on multifaceted criteria considering environmental, social, and economic issues.Broader Impacts of the Proposed Research and Integrated Education Program: The project plans a series of educational tasks that are integrated with our research activities. Diverse and talented graduate and undergraduate students will be recruited. It will integrate research results into a secondary school apprentice program, into university courses and into educational modules for use elsewhere. It will use the Internet as a mechanism to disseminate educational materials. More broadly, sustainable energy and infrastructure are critical needs for the United States and for the world. The project states that the world cannot continue to assume that inexpensive petroleum will be available for our transportation needs. Society needs to start on a trajectory that will lead to a sustainable future, both for costs and for overall environmental impact. This project is intended to contribute significantly to that movement with both professional and popular analyses and recommendations.The project is jointly supported by MUSES funds through the CTS, ECS, and DMR divisions of NSF.

摘要（CTS-0628084 /卡内基梅隆大学）标题：缪斯：替代燃料和车辆的材料使用、基础设施变化和环境影响 PI：Lester B。放大图片作者：Chris Hendrickson，H.放大图片作者：Scott马修斯，Jeremy Michalek，W.虽然政策制定者、汽车制造商和燃料供应商对替代燃料有相当大的兴趣，但仍然存在重大的经济和技术挑战。采用任何替代燃料都需要改变整个供应链。即使是与现有基础设施兼容的乙醇等液体燃料也可能引起巨大变化，因此，对基础设施需求的适当核算对于全面分析材料流动和环境影响以及向可持续基础设施过渡至关重要。虽然现有的许多研究涉及生产替代燃料的工艺和技术，但大多数研究都没有考虑到基础设施的必要变化。该项目建议将我们的工作重点放在可持续替代燃料未来的基础设施要求和最佳技术上，并通过为每个感兴趣的替代燃料/轻型车辆选项创建场景来探索不同的基础设施选项。该项目使用工业生态学的概念作为我们分析与物质流相关的问题的系统方法。该项目将采用一种混合方法，将具体的流程和产品模型与卡内基梅隆大学开发的国家经济投入产出生命周期评估模型结合起来，评估各种基础设施部件、替代燃料和车辆备选方案的整个生命周期。美国轻型车辆采用任何替代燃料和/或推进系统的程度将主要取决于所产生的属性满足市场偏好的程度。该项目将使用基于生命周期的分析，结合消费者选择模型的异质性需求与工程模拟可达到的车辆属性，预测市场接受度和可能的公司响应替代燃料和车辆在几个监管激励措施，技术进步和基础设施的情况下。从这项工作的结果将建议最有前途的替代品的基础上，考虑到环境，社会和经济问题的多方面标准。拟议的研究和综合教育计划的更广泛的影响：该项目计划了一系列的教育任务，结合我们的研究活动。将招募多元化且才华横溢的研究生和本科生。它将把研究成果纳入中学学徒计划，纳入大学课程，并纳入其他地方使用的教育模块。它将利用因特网作为传播教育材料的机制。更广泛地说，可持续能源和基础设施是美国和世界的关键需求。该项目指出，世界不能继续假设廉价的石油将可满足我们的运输需求。社会需要开始走上一条通往可持续未来的轨道，无论是成本还是整体环境影响。该项目旨在通过专业和流行的分析和建议为这一运动做出重大贡献。该项目由MUSES基金通过CTS，ECS和NSF的DMR部门共同支持。