Elements: Open-Source Cyberinfrastructure as a Decision Engine for Socioeconomic Disaster Risk (DESDR)

自然灾害可能对农民等弱势群体造成长期的经济后果，但不同的灾害影响使得准确和及时地部署有限的资源（如灾害资金和救济）非常困难。该项目将开发一套名为“社会经济灾害风险决策引擎”（DESDR）的开源网络基础设施工具，通过直接从受影响人群中收集和清理灾害风险数据来填补数据空白。此外，该项目还将把这些数据与卫星数据结合起来，为农民和其他人提供数据和工具，以便在灾害风险管理方面做出更明智的决策。现有的灾害探测、测绘和预测方法主要依靠卫星和传感器数据，这些数据容易出错，也不能衡量灾害对地区和个人的直接影响。该项目将开发利用农村人口数据的开源软件基础设施，然后利用这些数据建立更准确的灾害风险模型。网络基础设施DESDR将提供一个可扩展的、可定制的数据收集平台，该平台使用移动消息服务，将当地激励措施和社区规范考虑在内，并将用于从受影响社区收集数据。数据可视化和清理平台将使当地合作伙伴和研究人员能够将数据与卫星和传感器数据源交叉引用，并识别和清理数据错误。数据库体系结构将以可互操作的格式存储数据。此外，基于网络的界面将为政府机构、政策制定者、研究人员和其他利益相关者提供交互式创建和回测灾害风险模型的能力。DESDR将作为开源、随时可部署的软件分发给由政府气象机构、人道主义项目官员、保险公司和附属农业和社会科学家组成的用户社区。通过将这些工具整合到一个集成的、可扩展的过程网络基础设施中，DESDR将直接让弱势群体参与解决方案的设计，使灾害风险管理人员能够扩大关键救援计划的规模，以覆盖众多农民和其他人，同时为项目受益者提供前所未有的发言权。该项目由计算机和信息科学与工程理事会的先进网络基础设施办公室以及社会、行为和经济科学理事会的社会和经济科学部资助。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Natural disasters can have long-lasting financial consequences for vulnerable populations such as farmers, but disparate disaster impacts make the accurate and timely deployment of limited resources such as disaster funding and relief very difficult. This project will develop an open-source suite of cyberinfrastructure tools, called the Decision Engine for Socioeconomic Disaster Risk (DESDR), to fill data voids by collecting and cleaning disaster risk data directly from affected populations. As well, the project will combine those data with satellite data to provide farmers and others with data and tools to make better informed decisions about disaster risk management. Existing approaches for disaster detection, mapping, and prediction primarily rely on satellite and sensor data that are susceptible to errors and do not measure how disasters directly affect regions and individuals. This project will develop open-source software infrastructure employing data from rural populations, and then use the data to build more accurate disaster risk models. The cyberinfrastructure, DESDR, will provide a scalable, customizable data collection platform using mobile messaging services that take local incentives and community norms into account, and will be used to gather data on from affected communities. A data visualization and cleaning platform will enable local partners and researchers to cross-reference the data with satellite and sensor data sources, and to identify and clean data errors. A database architecture will store the data in an interoperable format. And, a web-based interface will provide government agencies, policy makers, researchers, and other stakeholders the ability to interactively create and back-test disaster risk models. DESDR will be disseminated as open-source, ready-to-deploy software to a user community of governmental meteorological agencies, humanitarian program officers, insurers and affiliated agricultural and social scientists. By combining these tools into an integrated, extensible process cyberinfrastructure, DESDR will directly involve vulnerable populations in the design of solutions, enabling disaster risk managers to scale up critical relief programs to reach multitudes of farmers and others while providing an unprecedented voice to the project beneficiaries.This project is funded by the Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure in the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering, and by the Division of Social and Economic Sciences in the Directorate for Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.