Collaborative Research: Mass transport in Jupiter's magnetosphere -- driven by internal or external processes?

太阳发出一股粒子流，称为太阳风。太阳系以行星磁层的形式为太阳风提供了各种各样的障碍。磁层产生于行星的内部磁场，用于使太阳风从行星表面偏转。来自太阳风的质量撞击磁层，并向两极扩散，然后在一个称为磁尾的结构中被带到行星后面。木卫一是木星的一颗卫星，它也从内部向其磁层提供粒子，因此它可以用来追踪磁层内部的粒子流。该项目将利用对硫和钠离子的观测来追踪木星磁层内粒子的扩散，以更好地了解磁层中的扩散过程。该项目将使用专用望远镜进行观测。该项目还将创建一本儿童读物《The Misfit Telescope》，并在其配套网站和社交媒体流中使用科学仪器多样性的好处作为比喻，说明种族和文化包容性的好处。拟议中的项目将研究木星周围的木卫一等离子体环（IPT），以深入了解木星磁场。该项目将利用木卫一输入/输出观测站对IPT中的S II和Na线进行时域观测，以确定物质扩散的性质。IoIO是一个小口径的机器人日冕仪，每晚运行，同时记录IPT ins S II的窄带图像。结合IPT的模型，观测结果将显示扩散是由来自木卫一的质量负荷还是由中木星磁场的活动驱动的。该项目的儿童读物将展示少数人和不同观点的价值，以及多数人和接受并尊重少数人观点的价值。这本书将由行星科学研究所的获奖公众推广团队制作。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

The sun emits a stream of particles called the solar wind. The solar system presents a wide variety of obstacles to the solar wind in the form of planetary magnetospheres. Magnetospheres arise from the internal magnetic field of a planet and serve to deflect the solar wind from the surface of the planet. Mass from the solar wind hits the magnetosphere and is diffused toward the poles and then carried out behind the planet in a structure called the magnetotail. Io is a moon of Jupiter that also provides particles to its magnetosphere from within, and so it can be used to trace the flow of particles from within the magnetosphere. This project will use observations of sulfur and sodium ions to trace out the diffusion of particles from within Jupiter's magnetosphere to better understand the process of diffusion in magnetospheres. The project will use a dedicated telescope for their observations. The project will also create a children’s book, “The Misfit Telescope” with a companion website and social media stream that use the benefits of diversity in scientific instrumentation as a parable to illustrate the benefits of racial and cultural inclusivity.The proposed project will study the Io Plasma Torus (IPT) around Jupiter in order to gain insight into the Jovian magnetic field. The project will use the Io Input/Output observatory to make time domain observations of S II and Na lines in the IPT to determine the nature of diffusion of material. IoIO is a small-aperture robotic coronagraph that operates nightly, contemporaneously recording narrow-band images of the IPT ins S II. Combined with a model of the IPT, the observations will show whether diffusion is driven by mass loading from Io or by activity in the middle Jovian magnetic field. The project's children's book will show the value of both being in the minority and havingg a different point of view and of being in the majority and accepting and respecting the minority point of view. The book will be produced by the Planetary Science Institute's award winning public outreach team.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.