Investigation of soil fungal communities in paddy soils - application of novol molecular techniques

微生物学和土壤科学非常需要开发新的方法来更好地了解土壤真菌病原体和那些参与分解过程的病原体的生态学和适应性行为。此外，我们对植物有益真菌生物的了解是有限的，其中一个原因是，由于许多此类真菌不愿在琼脂板上生长，因此检测涉及这些过程的真菌通常是困难的。近年来，直接核酸提取方法在土壤真菌生态学研究中得到了越来越广泛的应用，并在了解土壤真菌群落遗传多样性方面取得了重大进展。本项目旨在将现代分子技术DGGE和FISH与微土壤学方法相结合，研究水稻土壤中的真菌群落。由于缺乏干旱或收获后休耕条件下水稻土真菌的信息，利用16S rrna靶向寡核苷酸探针（FISH）与土壤结构动力学相关的水稻土微生物动力学将作为一个模型系统。我们的项目将解决水稻土壤真菌群落的发展与水稻秸秆等有机物质的可用性有关。由于对当地和全球空气质量的担忧导致了秸秆焚烧的减少或完全禁止，寻找替代品变得至关重要，尤其是对我们在中国的合作伙伴来说。他们是中德土壤科学与土壤环境研究小组的成员，在研究中国水稻土的微生物群落方面已经有了相当丰富的经验。一个长期目标是在更好地了解水稻土壤中水稻秸秆分解过程中细菌和真菌相互作用的基础上，确定最佳的水稻秸秆管理措施。这可能对减少水稻土的甲烷排放至关重要，同时也对东亚实施可持续农业做法作出宝贵贡献。

There is a great need in microbiology and soil science to develop novel methods for a better understanding of the ecology and suit behaviour of soil fungi pathogens and those involved in decomposition processes. In addition, our knowledge of plant beneficial fungal organisms is limited, one reason being that detection of fungi involved in such processes is often difficult due to the reluctance of many such fungi to grow on agar plates. In recent years direct nucleic acid extraction approaches have become more widely applied during investigations of soil fungal ecology and are beginning to provide significant advances in understanding the genetic diversity of soil fungal communities. This project addresses the implementation of the modern molecular techniques DGGE and FISH in combination with micropedological methods to investigate fungal communities in rice paddy soils. Paddy soilsPaketantrag `Boden und Umweltforschung¿ TP3: Microbial dynamics in paddy soils related to soil structure dynamics using 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes (FISH) will serve as a model system, since there is a lack of information about their fungi under drought or post-harvest fallow conditions. Our project will address development of paddy soil fungal communities linked to the availability of organic matter such as rice straw. Since local and global air quality concerns have resulted in the reduction or outright banning of straw burning, the search for alternatives has become essential, especially for our partners in China. They are members of the Sino-German Research Group On Soil Science and the Soil Environment and have already had considerable experience in investigating microbial communities in Chinese paddy soils. One long-term objective is to identify optimal rice straw management practices based on a better understanding of the interaction of bacteria and fungi during rice straw decomposition in paddy soils. This might be crucial in reducing methane emissions from paddy soils, while also making a valuable contribution to the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices in East Asia.