The Panulirus Hydrographic Stations (Hydrostation S): Years 70-74

该项目继续在S水文站进行水文观测，将海洋数据的时间序列延长到近70年。S水文站（以前称为Panulirus站点）位于北大西洋百慕大东南约25公里处，是世界上最长的公海水文站之一。这一每两周重复一次的水文观测计划始于1954年，现在已进入第七个十年，已被证明是海洋物理学、生物过程和海洋地球化学众多研究的催化剂。对海洋的持续观测，如S水文站的观测，对于确定变化率仍然至关重要，以便为无数区域和全球海洋综合和海洋过程及未来海洋变化建模提供定量经验数据。 Hydrostation S计划及其数据被认为是对社区的服务，公开分发，随后成为了解海洋变化过程和模式以及教育，指导和推广活动的宝贵资源。该提案的主要目标是继续水电站S进入第八个十年，许多问题与变暖和冷却，盐碱化和清新，脱氧和见解地球化学变化随着时间的推移。该方案构成了水文站S站点北大西洋亚热带环流的温度、盐度和溶解氧（以及重要海洋碳时间序列的间接采样）的频繁水柱采样。这项工作是对百慕大大西洋时间序列研究和海洋通量方案等其他持续观测的补充。该项目采用了过去68年来一直采用的类似抽样格式。水电站S还支持最长的全球海洋二氧化碳和酸化时间序列（从1983年至今）。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project continues hydrographic observations at Hydrostation S, extending the time-series of ocean data to almost 70 years. Hydrostation S (formerly known as the Panulirus site), located about 25 km southeast of Bermuda in the North Atlantic Ocean, is one of the longest open-ocean hydrographic stations in the world. This program of repeat biweekly hydrographic observations began in 1954 and now, in its seventh decade, has proved to be the catalyst for numerous studies of ocean physics, biological processes and biogeochemistry. Sustained observations of the ocean, such as those from Hydrostation S, remain critically important to establish rates of change to provide quantitative empirical data for myriad regional and global ocean synthesis and modeling of ocean processes and future ocean change. Hydrostation S program and its data are considered as a service to the community, being openly distributed and subsequently have been an invaluable resource in understanding processes and patterns of variability in the ocean, as well as education, mentorship and outreach activities. The major objective of the proposal is to continue Hydrostation S into the eighth decade with numerous questions related to warming and cooling, salinification and freshening, deoxygenation and insights on biogeochemical changes over time. This program constitutes frequent water column sampling of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (and indirectly, sampling of important ocean carbon time–series) of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre at the Hydrostation S site. Such work is complementary to other sustained observations such as the Bermuda Atlantic Time–series Study (BATS) and Ocean Flux Program (OFP). The project entails a similar sampling format that has been followed for the past 68 years. Hydrostation S also supports the longest global ocean CO2 and acidification time-series (from 1983 to present).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.