Collaborative Research: EAGER: Understanding Privacy Violations of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Online Photo Sharing

社交媒体上的照片分享正在以前所未有的速度发生；然而，照片主体和照片旁观者的隐私在分享过程中经常被忽视。网络上疯传的模因通常是断章取义的尴尬照片的结果，这会使照片主体面临网络欺凌、羞辱和虐待的风险。来自边缘化或弱势群体的人尤其面临风险。该项目的创新之处在于了解分享照片的人和照片目标的社会团体成员身份如何影响在线照片分享。因此，研究小组调查了照片的语境因素和照片接受者的个体特征，这些因素影响了他们分享描绘陌生人的照片模因的意愿。该项目的更广泛的意义和重要性是阐明偏见在最常见的沟通模式之一中所起的作用，并为创建干预措施提供信息，以规避未来社交媒体用户的偏见行为。此外，该项目为多个新的研究方向铺平了道路，因为它开创了一种新的刺激集和方法，以了解组间偏见如何影响隐私决策，并纳入了不同种族和民族的参与者。该项目包括一组研究，其中包括一组首批考察偏见和社会群体成员在隐私和社交媒体上分享决策中的作用的研究。在整个研究中，研究人员使用基于照片的模因验证了新的刺激集，这些模因代表了不同的照片主题和情况，并使用多种行为方法，检查了基于参与者和照片目标的群体成员身份，分享其他人的照片模因的决定的差异程度。主要的兴趣是不同的参与者群体是否在不同的社会群体成员身份(例如，性别、种族和年龄)上以不同的方式保护他人的隐私。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Photo sharing on social media is occurring at unprecedented rates; yet, the privacy of photo subjects and photo bystanders is frequently ignored during sharing. Viral internet ‘memes’ are often the result of embarrassing photos taken out of context, putting the photo subject at risk of cyber-bullying, shaming, and abuse. People from marginalized or vulnerable groups are especially at risk. The project’s novelties are to understand how social group memberships of people sharing photos and of photo targets influence online photo sharing. As such, the research team examines the contextual factors of the photo and the individual characteristics of photo perceivers that influence their willingness to share photo memes depicting strangers. The project’s broader significance and importance are to illuminate the role that bias plays in one of the most common modes of communication, as well as inform the creation of interventions that circumvent biased behavior on the part of social media users in the future. Moreover, this project paves the way for multiple new lines of research, as it pioneers a new stimulus set and methodology to understand how intergroup biases influence privacy decisions and includes participants of various racial and ethnic groups.The project includes a set of studies that is among the first to examine the role of bias and social group membership in privacy and sharing decisions on social media. Across the studies, the researchers validate a new stimulus set with photo-based memes representing diverse photo subjects and situations and examine the extent to which decisions to share photo memes of other people vary based on the group membership of participants and photo targets, using multiple behavioral methods. Of primary interest is whether different groups of participants differentially protect the privacy of others across various social group memberships (e.g., gender, race, and age).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.