Mid-Scale RI-1 (M1:DP): Preliminary & Final Design of the 40T All Superconducting Magnet

强磁场是研究新发现材料性质的宝贵科学工具。新材料的独特性能使新技术能够应对当前和未来的社会挑战。 目前，最高的连续磁场（高达45特斯拉，或地球磁场的100万倍）只有在高功率磁铁中才能获得，每小时运行需要数千美元的电力。高磁场对新材料的研究非常重要，国家高磁场实验室（NHMFL）每年接待数千名科学家，但无法满足需求。相比之下，完全超导的磁体不散热，因此不需要大量的电力来运行。因此，超导磁体可以以非常低的运行成本和低的环境影响提供几乎不间断的高磁场。然而，商用超导磁体目前限于28特斯拉。NHMFL在2017年创造了32特斯拉超导磁体的世界纪录。这个设计项目建立在这一成功的基础上，使NHMFL能够为40特斯拉超导磁体创建最终设计。这种磁铁将彻底改变高磁场研究，使整个科学界的研究人员能够根据实验需要研究他们的新材料。与NHMFL的世界纪录32特斯拉超导磁体一样，这款40特斯拉超导磁体将能够与NHMFL的高功率磁体同时运行，大大增加了在高磁场下进行实验的时间。该项目正在完成能够在4.2K下在34毫米口径中输送40特斯拉的超导磁体的最终设计。最终设计使磁体能够在一小时或更短的时间内从零上升到40特斯拉，以允许需要扫描磁场的高磁场实验。该磁体将推进量子物质的研究前沿，包括高温超导性，伊辛超导性，再入超导性，激子凝聚，非阿贝尔准粒子和无数形式的拓扑物质。该设计项目包括重要的计算和实验工作，以设计，建造和测试由双饼形式的稀土钡铜氧化物（REBCO）磁带构造的线圈。测试线圈反复循环高应力和反复淬火从高电流照明的可靠性的设计原则纳入最终设计的40特斯拉超导磁体。从测试线圈中吸取的经验教训使最终设计能够在最终40特斯拉超导磁体的性能方面具有很高的信心，该磁体的建设将在随后的提案中得到资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

High magnetic fields are a valuable scientific tool for studying the properties of newly discovered materials. Unique properties of new materials enable new technologies to address current and future societal challenges. Currently, the very highest continuous magnetic fields (up to 45 teslas, or one million times the Earth’s magnetic field) are only available in high-powered magnets that cost thousands of dollars of electricity for every hour of operation. High-magnetic-field research on new materials is so important that the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) hosts thousands of scientists annually, but is unable to meet the demand. By contrast, magnets that are entirely superconducting do not dissipate heat and therefore do not need large amounts of electrical power to operate. As such, superconducting magnets can provide high magnetic fields virtually non-stop with a very low operating cost and low environmental impact. However, commercial superconducting magnets are presently limited to 28 teslas. The NHMFL built a world-record 32 tesla superconducting magnet in 2017. This design project builds on that success by enabling the NHMFL to create a Final Design for a 40 tesla superconducting magnet. Such a magnet will revolutionize high-magnetic-field research, allowing researchers from throughout the scientific community to study their new materials for as long as their experiments require. Like the NHMFL’s world-record 32 tesla superconducting magnet, this 40 tesla superconducting magnet will be able to operate at the same time as the NHMFL’s high-powered magnets, greatly increasing the amount of time available for experiments at high magnetic fields.This project is completing a Final Design of a superconducting magnet capable of delivering 40 teslas in a 34 millimeter bore at 4.2 K. The Final Design enables the magnet to ramp from zero to 40 teslas in one hour or less to allow for high-magnetic-field experiments requiring swept magnetic fields. The magnet will advance research frontiers in quantum matter, including high temperature superconductivity, Ising superconductivity, re-entrant superconductivity, exciton condensation, non-Abelian quasiparticles, and topological matter in its myriad forms. This Design Project includes significant computational and experimental work to design, build, and test coils constructed from Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxide (REBCO) tape in double-pancake form. Test coils subjected to repeated cycling to high stress and repeated quenching from high current illuminate the reliability of the design principles incorporated in the Final Design of the 40 tesla superconducting magnet. Lessons learned from the test coils allow the Final Design to be completed with high confidence in the performance of an eventual 40 tesla superconducting magnet, construction of which would be funded in a subsequent proposal.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.