Understanding and Addressing Misinformation about Science

科学提供了一种了解世界的重要方式，可以为政策和个人决策提供信息，改善人类和生态健康和福祉，促进知识和技术创新。然而，关于科学的错误信息可能会导致有害的结果。人们对错误信息的传播及其在破坏民间对话中的科学专门知识和事实方面的作用的关切显著增加，特别是在过去5-10年。利用美国国家科学、工程和医学研究院(NASEM)的共识研究过程，NASEM的科学教育委员会(BOSE)召集一个专家委员会来审查和综合现有研究，并制作一份最终报告，描述错误信息问题的性质，确定可能的解决方案，并就如何确定干预措施的优先顺序提供指导。该指导意见包括特别关注错误信息与现有风险因素和不平等如何相互交织，以及这些交集对个人和社区福祉的潜在影响。共识研究提供了一种跨多个学科的研究文献的综合，以1)界定关于科学的错误信息问题的性质和范围；2)为全面了解错误信息的影响和影响提供一个框架，包括影响跨社区的范围和严重程度以及其扩散的条件；3)审查当前打击错误信息的干预措施；4)建议最有可能减少错误信息危害的优先行动；以及5)确定未来研究的优先需要。最终报告促进了对这一现象的理解，并为政策决策和有针对性的干预提供了平衡、权威、循证的指导和可靠的基础，使利益攸关方努力实现限制科学中错误信息的传播和危害的共同目标。这些利益相关者包括公共卫生领导人和从业者、记者和其他科学传播者、科学家及其专业组织、打击虚假信息努力的领导人、媒体公司、社区参与领导人、政策制定者和研究人员。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Science provides an important way to understand the world that can inform policy and personal decisions, improve human and ecological health and well-being, and advance knowledge and technological innovation. Misinformation about science, however, can lead to harmful outcomes. Concern about the spread of misinformation and its role in undermining scientific expertise and facts in civic dialogue has grown significantly, especially over the last 5-10 years. Using the consensus study process of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), NASEM’s Board on Science Education (BOSE) convenes an expert committee to examine and synthesize existing research, and produce a final report that characterizes the nature of the problem of misinformation, identify possible solutions, and offer guidance on how to prioritize interventions. This guidance includes specific attention to how misinformation and existing risk factors and inequities intersect, and the potential impacts these intersections have on the well-being of individuals and communities.The consensus study provides a synthesis of the research literature across a range of disciplines to 1) define the nature and scope of the problem of misinformation about science; 2) provide a framework for holistic understanding of the influences and impacts of misinformation including the range and severity of impacts across communities and the conditions under which it proliferates; 3) examine current interventions to combat misinformation; 4) recommend priority actions that have the greatest potential to reduce harm from misinformation; and 5) prioritize the needs for future research. The final report advances understanding of the phenomenon, and provides balanced, authoritative, evidence-based guidance and a reliable basis for policy decisions and targeted interventions for stakeholders to work toward the common goal of limiting the spread and harm from misinformation in science. These stakeholders include public health leaders and practitioners, journalists and other science communicators, scientists and their professional organizations, leaders of efforts to combat misinformation, media companies, community engagement leaders, policy makers, and researchers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.