2022 Cytoskeletal Motors Molecular Machines: From Biophysics To Physiology To Disease

细胞骨架电机的戈登研究会议(GRC)和戈登研究研讨会(GRS)将分别于7月9日至10日和7月10日至15日在佛蒙特州多佛市举行。GRS主要由研究生和博士后研究员参加，旨在为学员提供一个展示他们的科学发现和网络的支持性环境。随后将是GRC，除了受训人员，GRC还将汇集来自广泛学科的资深和初级科学家，讨论和促进我们对分子马达的理解--分子马达是驱动许多基本生物功能的细胞机器，包括细胞分裂期间染色体的运动、亚细胞器官(如线粒体)的运动，以及细胞的运动，如在发育过程中和疾病中发生的运动。分子马达的多样性和范围是巨大的，了解这些不同的细胞机器是如何运作和受到调控的，对于理解细胞如何旅行、生长、改变形状和分裂是至关重要的。新型显微镜和生物物理技术的应用，以及计算机模拟的进步，极大地提高了我们对这些细胞马达功能的理解，而分享这些结果的会议将迅速传播这些知识，以增加细胞马达功能的基础知识，使其能够在细胞制造和医学中使用。初级科学家(研究生、博士后研究员和初级助理教授)的培训和参与是会议的优先事项。辅导活动和职业发展会议也被计划作为GRC和GRS的一部分。NSF的支持将用于支付注册费和/或旅费，以允许来自职业生涯早期阶段的参与者出席，特别是对于女性和历史上在该领域代表不足的团体的其他成员。在2022年分子马达GRC和GRS上展示的科学将涵盖这些关键机器的生物物理、生物化学和细胞生物学的所有领域，包括肌球蛋白、动蛋白和动力蛋白。主要研究人员将介绍和讨论这些蛋白质结构的最新发现，对功能过程中运动结构变化的计算模拟，这些运动在细胞中的作用力，这些运动对细胞成分的影响，从有丝分裂中的染色体运动到质膜皮质张力到细胞形态，以及这些运动在正常细胞和运动功能错乱的细胞中的影响。GRS报告将分为两个科学会议：其中将讨论运动功能中最基本的问题：i)分子运动与其轨迹(肌动蛋白和微管)的相互作用；ii)运动功能障碍的影响。GRC报告将分为八个科学会议，主题从马达及其轨迹的单分子生物物理学到马达结构、调节和细胞生理学的参与。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Gordon Research Conference (GRC) and Gordon Research Seminar (GRS) on Cytoskeletal Motors will be held in Dover, VT on July 9-10, and July 10-15, respectively. The GRS is primarily attended by graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, and is designed to provide a supportive environment for trainees to present their scientific findings and network. This will be followed by the GRC which in addition to trainees, will also bring together senior and junior scientists from broad ranging disciplines to discuss and advance our understanding of the molecular motors—cellular machines that drive many essential biological functions, including movement of chromosomes during cell division, movement of subcellular organelles, such as mitochondria, and movement of cells, such as occurs during development as well as in diseases. The diversity and range of molecular motors is enormous, and understanding of how these different cellular machines operate and are regulated is essential to understanding of how cells travel, grow and change shape, and divide. The application of novel microscope and biophysical techniques, together with advances in computer simulations, has greatly increased our understanding of the function of these cell motors, and a conference to share these results will disseminate this knowledge rapidly to increase basic knowledge of cell motor function to allow its use in cellular manufacturing as well as medicine. The training and engagement of junior scientists (graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and beginning assistant professors) is a priority of the conference. Mentoring activities and professional development sessions are also planned as part of both the GRC and GRS. NSF support will be used to defray registration fee and/or travel costs to allow attendance of participants from these early stages of their careers, especially for women and other members of groups that have been historically under-represented in this field.The science presented at the 2022 Molecular Motors GRC and GRS will cover all areas of the biophysics, biochemistry, and cell biology of the wide variety of these critical machines, including myosins, kinesins, and dyneins. Leading researchers will present and discuss recent findings on the structure of these proteins, computational modeling of changes to motor structure during function, the forces these motors apply in the cells, the effects of these motors on cell components, from movement of chromosomes in mitosis to plasma membrane cortical tension to cell morphology, and the effects these motors have both in normal cells as well as in cells where motor function is deranged. GRS presentations will be divided into two scientific sessions: in which the most fundamental issues in motor function will be discussed: i) molecular motor interaction with their tracks (actin and microtubules); and ii) the effects of motor dysfunction. GRC presentations will be divided into eight scientific sessions ranging in topics from single molecule biophysics of motors and their tracks to motor structure, regulation, and involvement of cell physiology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.