MRI: Development of PARAGON: Control Instrument for Post NISQ Quantum Computing

该项目将设计和实施PARAGON，这是一种用于超导电路量子计算机的控制系统仪器。使用超低延迟、可扩展的现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）加速器网络，PARAGON将支持对100个量子位的实时测量、纠错和控制。该项目还将开发必要的系统、编程和调试支持，以利用PARAGON实现和评估新的量子硬件和算法。PARAGON将大大提高美国在量子计算方面的研究能力，实现纠错算法的操作测试，并加速容错量子计算的到来。为了具有成本效益的可扩展性，PARAGON采用平衡的胖树来组织大量的构建块并分发数据、时钟和时间（触发器）。树的叶子具有用于量子控制的射频片上系统（RFSoC）和用于集成的多处理器片上系统（MPSoC）的内部节点。PARAGON将授权两个广泛的研究社区，从不同的角度解决量子计算问题。它将允许物理学家研究更好的量子比特的理论和实现，并在真实的量子比特上实验复杂的纠错和容错方法，在以前不可能的规模上。它将允许计算机科学家对量子控制的新架构和编程方案进行实验。最重要的是，它将成为两个社区的聚会场所，促进交叉授粉和促进合作。通过其开放设计和开源软件，PARAGON将使超导量子计算领域的广泛学术和工业研究人员能够以以前不可能的方式进行实验。虽然PARAGON将用于基于超导电路的量子计算机，但它的设计可以适用于基于其他技术的量子计算机，这些技术在控制系统中也面临类似的挑战。它将为新兴的量子控制系统行业提供关键的技术诀窍，使后者能够进一步降低成本，实现更广泛的商业应用。该仪器将推进多学科的研究议程，为应用物理学、计算机科学和工程学之间的交叉授粉创造机会。它将创造新的机会，吸引研究生和本科生，特别是代表性不足的少数民族和妇女，为多学科研究提供独特的培训。该项目制作的原始材料可在https://github.com/yale-paragon上找到。在奖励期间，项目团队将积极维护存储库。在PARAGON的生命周期中，存储库将转变为基于社区的开发和维护，项目团队将成为贡献者之一。项目团队将确保存储库在PARAGON物理测试平台的生命周期后至少五年可用。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project will design and implement PARAGON, an instrument of control systems for superconducting circuit-based quantum computers. Using an ultra-low latency, scalable network of Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) accelerators, PARAGON will support real-time measurement, error correction, and control of 100s of qubits. The project will also develop the necessary systems, programming and debugging support for realizing and evaluating new quantum hardware and algorithms with PARAGON. PARAGON will substantially advance the Nation’s research capabilities in quantum computing, enabling operational tests of error-corrected algorithms and accelerating the arrival of fault-tolerant quantum computing.Toward cost-effective scalability, PARAGON employs a balanced, fat tree to organize the large number of building blocks and to distribute data, clock, and time (trigger). The leaves of the tree feature Radio Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC) for quantum control and the internal nodes of the tree Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) for integration. PARAGON will empower two broad research communities that tackle quantum computing from different fronts. It will allow Physicists to investigate the theory and realization of better qubits, and experiment with sophisticated error correction and fault tolerance methods on real qubits, at a previously impossible scale. It will allow Computer Scientists to experiment with novel architectures and programming schemes for quantum control. Most importantly, it will serve as the meeting place for both communities, fostering cross-pollination and catalyzing collaboration. Through its open design and open-source software, PARAGON will empower the broad community of academic and industrial researchers in superconducting quantum computing to experiment in previously impossible ways. While PARAGON will be implemented for quantum computers based on superconducting circuits, its design can be adapted for those based on other technologies, which also face similar challenges in their control systems. It will provide critical know-how to the budding industry of quantum control systems so that the latter can further lower the cost for wider, commercial availability. The instrument will advance research agendas in multiple disciplines, creating opportunities in cross pollination between applied physics, computer science and engineering. It will create new opportunities to engage both graduate and undergraduate students, especially underrepresented minorities and women, providing unique training for multidisciplinary research. Source materials produced by the project can be found at https://github.com/yale-paragon. The repositories will be actively maintained by the project team during the award period. During the lifetime of PARAGON, the repositories will transition into community-based development and maintenance with the project team being one of the contributors. The project team will ensure the repositories are available at least five years after the lifetime of the physical testbed of PARAGON.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.