Arbitration of cooperative movement for highly-automated human machine systems

运动是许多生物的重要技能，尤其是人类。这种技能不仅是身体上的：它总是与认知过程有关，特别是当生物竞争和/或合作移动时，例如在狩猎期间。利用近期协商（仲裁）将不同的意图统一到一个联合运动中是合作运动的一个重要方面。现实生活中的一个例子是父母和孩子的合作运动，其中存在不同的技能和权威水平，并且可以在所有互动渠道上进行仲裁，直到合作遵循共同的路径。随着自动化程度的提高，运动的仲裁对于人机系统变得越来越重要，例如对于高度自动化的车辆、飞机和机器人。不仅运动的强度、方向和过程被仲裁，而且控制的分配也被仲裁，而控制的分配又与人类和自动化之间的能力、权威和责任的分配紧密相连。该项目的主要目标是开发一种健壮、直观、跨领域的可理解的仲裁模式，可以安全地使用。该项目的出发点是有效地探索自然领域的运动协作指导，如行人、骑自行车者和汽车驾驶员的运动，以及非技术领域的游览，如交际舞和合气道。从这些探索中，一个运动仲裁的设计空间将得到延伸，并与用户一起参与探索。交互模式的原型将在可用性，性能，工作量，态势感知和错误方面进行检查。为了检查域的可转移性道路车辆，飞机和机器人或机械臂的合作指导，仲裁模式将在模拟器原型和一个简单的飞机，实验验证和记录在一个在线目录的仲裁和设计模式的运动。

Movement is an important skill of many living creatures, especially of humans. This skill is not only physical: it is always connected to cognitive processes, especially when living creatures move competitively and/or cooperatively, e.g. during hunting. The unification of different intentions to a joint motion using near-term negotiation (arbitration) is an important aspect of cooperative movement. An example from real-life is the cooperative movement of parents and children where different skills and authority levels exist and where arbitration can be carried out on all interaction channels until a common path is cooperatively followed. With increasing automation, arbitration of movement becomes more and more relevant for human machine systems, e.g. for highly automated vehicles, aircraft and robots. Not only intensity, direction and course of movement are arbitrated, but also the distribution of control that in turn is coupled tightly with the distribution of abilities, authority and responsibility between humans and automation. The main goal of this project is the development of robust and intuitively, cross-domain understandable arbitration patterns that can be employed safely.Starting point of the project are efficient explorations in natural domains of cooperative guidance of motion, like the motion of pedestrians, cyclists and car drivers, but also excursions in non-technical domains like ballroom dancing and Aikido. From these explorations a design space of movement arbitration will be stretched and participatively explored with users. Prototypes of interaction patterns will be examined in terms of usability, performance, workload, situation awareness and error. In order to examine the transferability in the domains road vehicle, aircraft and cooperative guidance of a robot or robotic arm, the arbitration patterns will be implemented in simulator prototypes and a simple aircraft, experimentally validated and documented in an online catalogue of arbitration and design patterns for movement.