RAPID survey of the bathymetry of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai caldera

匈牙利汤加-匈牙利哈ʻApai Caldera位于新西兰北部西南太平洋汤加王国的匈牙利汤加-匈牙利哈阿派火山于2022年1月14日非常猛烈地喷发，将火山灰云抛向空中约44公里，并引发了高达15米的海啸。火山喷发的猛烈性质使得喷口很可能很浅，靠近海底火山的顶端。喷发对海底的影响知之甚少，将在美国和新西兰的这个联合海洋项目中进行调查。探险队将使用一艘配备现代海底测绘设备的小船来绘制海底火山顶端附近喷发造成的变化。短时间(~5分钟)解释探险行动和科学活动的视频将在YouTube上制作并向公众传播。2022年1月14日，新西兰北部西南太平洋汤加王国的匈牙利汤加-匈牙利哈阿派火山猛烈喷发，将火山灰云抛向空中约44公里，引发了高达15米的海啸。火山喷发的猛烈性质使得喷口很可能很浅，来自火山顶端附近的海底火山口。喷发对海底的影响知之甚少，将在美国和新西兰的这个联合海洋项目中进行调查。一艘28米长的浅吃水新西兰考察船(R/V Kaharoa)配备了现代海底测绘设备，将绘制海底地图，以确定海底火山顶端和侧翼喷发造成的变化。这次考察还将进行其他地球物理测量：1)拖曳磁力仪将测量火山口的磁特征；2)船上重力仪将测量火山口上方的重力异常；3)数字光学吸收光谱仪扫描仪将确定火山口上方勘测区的气体成分。此外，如果这样做被认为是安全的，一个岸上小组将从剩余的一个岛屿收集火山灰和岩石样本。这项工作将使科学界、灾害专家、汤加王国和公众受益。短时间(~5分钟)解释探险行动和科学活动的视频将被制作并在YouTube上向公众传播。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

RAPID Survey of the Bathymetry of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai CalderaHunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano in the Kingdom of Tonga in the SW Pacific Ocean north of New Zealand erupted very violently on January 14, 2022, sending an ash cloud ~44 km into the air and causing a tsunami up to 15 m high. The violent nature of the eruption makes it likely that the vent was very shallow, near the summit of the submarine volcano. The effects of the eruption on the seafloor are poorly understood and will be investigated in this joint US-New Zealand seagoing program. The expedition will use a small ship equipped with modern seafloor mapping equipment to map the changes the eruption made near the top of the submarine volcano at its summit. A short (~5 min.) video explaining the operations and scientific activities on the expedition will be produced and disseminated to the public on YouTube.Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano in the Kingdom of Tonga in the SW Pacific Ocean north of New Zealand erupted very violently on January 14, 2022, sending an ash cloud ~44 km into the air and causing a tsunami up to 15 m high. The violent nature of the eruption makes it likely that the vent was very shallow, from a submarine caldera near the summit of the volcano. The effects of the eruption on the seafloor are poorly understood and will be investigated in this joint US-New Zealand seagoing program. A 28 m-long, shallow-draft New Zealand research vessel (R/V Kaharoa) equipped with modern seafloor mapping equipment will map the seafloor to determine changes caused by the eruption at the summit and flanks of the submarine volcano. The expedition will also make other geophysical measurements: 1) a towed magnetometer will measure the magnetic signature of the caldera; 2) a shipboard gravimeter will measure the gravity anomaly over the caldera; and 3) a Digital Optical Absorption Spectrometer Scanner will determine gas compositions in the survey area over the caldera. In addition, if it is deemed safe to do so, a shore team will collect ash and rock samples from one of the remaining islands. This work will benefit the scientific community, hazards specialists, the Kingdom of Tonga, and the general public. A short (~5 min.) video explaining the operations and scientific activities on the expedition will be produced and disseminated to the public on YouTube.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.