The Ethical Demand: Loegstrup's Ethics and Its Implications

道德要求：洛格斯特鲁普的道德及其含义

• 批准号: AH/M006530/1
• 负责人: Robert Stern
• 金额: $ 25.08万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FM006530%2F1
• 关键词: Ethical; Demand; Loegstrup; Ethics; Its

How much does ethics demand from us? What does ethics demand of us? On what authority does it demand it? How does what ethics demands relate to other requirements, such as those of prudence, law and social convention? Does ethics really demand anything at all?These are fundamental questions in ethics, to which Loegstrup gives distinctive answers. On his account, the ethical situation is primarily one in which the fate of the other person is placed in your hands, where it is then your responsibility to do what is best for her. The demand therefore does not come from the other person as such, as what she asks you to do may be different from what you should do. It also doesn't come from what is expected of you by society, as it is not laid down by social rules. Nor is it laid down by God or by any formal principle of practical reason, such as Kant's principle of universalizability. It is also not based on the rights of the other, or any principle of reciprocity. It rather comes from what is required to care for the other, and the directive power of her needs in the situation. Loegstrup therefore rejects accounts of ethical obligation based on the commands of God, or on abstract principles governing practical reason, or on social norms, or on considerations of rights and justice; instead he develops a different picture, at the basis of which is his claim that we are mutually interdependent, and thus that for each of us 'life is a gift'. My interest in Loegstrup arises from these issues, since the approach he adopts offers an alternative strategy to most accounts of ethical obligation. I shall therefore set it alongside those competing accounts, and assess its merits, particularly his claim that ethical obligation comes from the reasons that the needs of others give us to help them, and the way in which these necessarily trump other kinds of reasons. I will also explore the way in which Loegstrup's approach relates to but differs from the work of Levinas, and the care ethics developed by Gilligan and others. This approach will give rise to both interpretative and systematic questions. Interpretatively, it will have to be justified against other ways of reading Loegstrup, such as those that treat him as a divine command theorist. At a systematic level, the approach itself will require defence, not only against competing account of moral obligation, but as coherent in its own terms. The interpretative questions will be dealt with by close attention to Loegstrup's texts, and also the historical and intellectual context in which they were written, while I will deal with systematic questions by bringing out the comparative merits of his approach.As well as the monograph, I will also co-translate Loegstrup's book Kierkegaards und Heideggers Existenzanalyse. Written just before The Ethical Demand, and of great interest in its own right, this will also help me contextualize the arguments of The Ethical Demand itself.Loegstrup's ideas play a major role in the intellectual life of modern Denmark: Den etiske fordring has sold over 100,000 copies, and a new edition of all his works is currently being produced, where he has influenced not only academic research but also pedagogics and nursing. He is also well-known in Scandinavia generally and to some extent in Germany as well; but until recently his thought was neglected in the Anglo-American world. While some important thinkers pay attention to his work (such as MacIntyre, Bauman and Darwall), this has been rather piecemeal, and not yet achieved any significant effect. I will take this reception of Loegstrup's ideas to a new level, while also showing how they have potential for considerable impact outside academia, for example in medical training, practice and policy. These ideas merit much wider consideration than they have received up to now, which can only be achieved by work on the scale that this project makes possible.

道德对我们的要求有多大？道德对我们有什么要求？它凭什么要求这样做？道德要求与其他要求，如谨慎、法律和社会习俗的要求，有何关系？道德真的需要任何东西吗？这些都是伦理学中的基本问题，对此，Loegstrup给出了独特的答案。按照他的说法，伦理情境主要是这样一种情境，即他人的命运掌握在你手中，你有责任为她做最好的事情，因此要求并不是来自他人本身，因为她要求你做的事情可能与你应该做的事情不同。它也不是来自社会对你的期望，因为它不是由社会规则规定的。它也不是由上帝或实践理性的任何形式原则，如康德的普遍性原则所规定的。它也不是基于另一方的权利或任何对等原则。它来自于照顾他人所需要的东西，以及她在这种情况下的需求的指导力量。因此，勒格斯特鲁普拒绝接受基于上帝的命令、或基于支配实践理性的抽象原则、或基于社会规范、或基于对权利和正义的考虑的伦理义务的说法;相反，他发展了一种不同的图景，在此基础上，他声称我们是相互依存的，因此，对我们每个人来说，“生命是一种礼物”。我对勒格斯特鲁普的兴趣源于这些问题，因为他所采用的方法为大多数关于伦理义务的解释提供了一种替代策略。因此，我将把它与那些相互竞争的观点放在一起，并评估它的优点，特别是他的主张，即道德义务来自于他人的需要给我们帮助他们的理由，以及这些理由必然胜过其他种类的理由的方式。我还将探讨如何在Loegstrup的方法涉及到，但不同于工作的Levinas，和护理伦理发展吉利根和其他人。这种做法将引起解释性和系统性的问题。解释上，它必须与其他阅读勒格斯特鲁普的方式相对照，比如那些把他当作神的命令理论家的人。在系统的层面上，这一方法本身将需要辩护，不仅是针对道德义务的竞争性解释，而且是其本身的连贯性。解释性的问题将通过密切关注Loegstrup的文本，以及它们被写的历史和知识背景来处理，而我将通过展示他的方法的比较优点来处理系统性的问题。这篇文章写在《道德的要求》之前，本身就很有意思，它也有助于我把《道德的要求》本身的论点放在语境中。勒格斯特鲁普的思想在现代丹麦的思想生活中发挥着重要作用：《埃蒂斯克·福德林》已售出10万册，他所有作品的新版本目前正在制作中，在那里，他不仅影响了学术研究，而且影响了教育学和护理学。他在斯堪的纳维亚也很有名，在某种程度上在德国也很有名;但直到最近，他的思想在英美世界都被忽视了。虽然一些重要的思想家关注他的工作（如麦金太尔，鲍曼和达尔沃尔），这是相当零碎的，尚未取得任何重大影响。我将把这种接收Loegstrup的想法到一个新的水平，同时也表明他们如何有相当大的影响学术界以外的潜力，例如在医疗培训，实践和政策。这些想法值得比迄今为止得到的更广泛的考虑，这只能通过该项目所能实现的规模的工作来实现。

项目成果

What is Ethically Demanded? K. E. Løgstrup's Philosophy of Moral Life

什么是道德要求？

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Fink, H

The Radical Demand in Logstrup's Ethics

Logstrup 道德的激进要求

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Stern

New Perspectives on Trust

信任的新视角

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Stern R

Predicting inflation component drivers in Nigeria: a stacked ensemble approach.

预测尼日利亚的通货膨胀因素驱动因素：堆叠集成方法。

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40715-9_9
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: SN business & economics
• 作者: Akande EO

Ethics of Nature-Nature of Ethics

自然伦理-伦理的本质

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Stern R