CAREER: Redesign of Ancillary Services via Aggregation and Disaggregation of Information, Flexibility, and Capability

NSF CAREER项目旨在为聚合和分解节点发电能力、灵活性和信息提供理论基础，从而在未来脱碳电网中充分利用分布式能源和电气化运输的潜力。该项目将传统的基于能源和辅助服务协同优化的电网运行方案转变为一种新型的容量柔性调度和再调度控制框架。这将通过将现有的具有系统范围需求的资源规划问题转化为具有多尺度、多领域节点需求的粒度控制问题来实现。该项目的智力优势在于开发不确定条件下具有保证特性的节点需求、容量、灵活性组合模型和计算效率高的聚合算法。该项目更广泛的影响包括促进不同背景学生的研究和教育的整合。大学预科生和本科生，特别是来自代表性不足群体的学生，将受益于暑期研究项目、研讨会、顶点项目和开放获取的课程材料。如果成功，该项目还将为电力系统运营商提供技术进步，以整合大规模可再生能源并增强电网弹性。分布式能源的快速渗透、电气化交通的扩散和气候变化带来的不确定性交织在一起，扩大了对电力系统可靠性的挑战。因此，近年来发生了越来越频繁和严重的大范围和长时间的停电，这表明通过保留发电资源的卸载能力提供的现有辅助服务不足。该项目通过三个主要的技术创新，将传统的基于资源规划的辅助服务重新设计为一种新的容量灵活性调度/再调度控制问题：(1)通过新颖的成本意识、多周期优化技术，将分布式能源和电气化交通提供的节点灵活性的数学模型和有效聚合。(2)将所提出的节点级协同调度建立为通过变换和信息聚合转换而成的理论协同优化问题，在保证性能的情况下精确求解，并近似求解为数据驱动问题。(3)利用扩展的多面体Minkowski和对节点信息进行聚合，确定节点辅助服务需求，并通过凸差分规划将其进一步整合到统一的理论框架中。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This NSF CAREER project aims to provide the theoretical foundation of aggregating and disaggregating nodal generation capacity, flexibility, and information, which will allow exploiting the full potential of distributed energy resources and electrified transportation in future decarbonized power grids. The project will transform the conventional energy and ancillary service co-optimization-based power grid operation scheme into a novel capacity-flexibility dispatch and redispatch control framework. This will be achieved by converting existing resource planning problems with system-wide requirements into granular control problems with multi-scale, multi-domain nodal requirements. The intellectual merits of the project include developing nodal demand, capacity, flexibility composite models and computationally efficient aggregation algorithms with guaranteed characteristics under uncertainty. The broader impacts of the project include promoting the integration of research and education for students with diverse backgrounds. Pre-college and undergraduate students, especially from underrepresented groups, will benefit from resulted summer research programs, workshops, capstone projects, and open-access curriculum materials. If successful, this project will also provide power system operators with technology advancements to integrating large-scale renewable energy and enhancing grid resilience.Uncertainties by fast-growing penetration of distributed energy resources, proliferation of electrified transportation, and climate change intertwine and amplify challenges posed on power system reliability. Consequently, widespread and prolonged power outages have been occurring increasingly more frequently and severely in recent years, which illustrates the inadequacy of existing ancillary services provided by reserving unloaded capacity on generation resources. The proposed project will redesign conventional resource planning-based ancillary services into a novel capacity-flexibility dispatch/redispatch control problem through three major technical innovations: (1) Mathematical models and effective aggregation of nodal flexibility provided by both distributed energy resources and electrified transportation through novel cost-aware, multi-period optimization techniques. (2) Computationally effective, granular control policies for the proposed nodal level co-dispatch are established as theoretical co-optimization problems converted through transformations and information aggregation, which will be solved both precisely with guaranteed performance and approximately as a data-driven problem. (3) Aggregating nodal information to determine nodal ancillary service requirements by extended Minkowski sum of polytopes, which will be further integrated into a unified theoretical framework by Difference of Convex programming.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.