CAREER: Multi-level Bridge Tapped Resonant (MBTR) Solid-State Transformers (SSTs)

固态变压器（SST）在可持续未来的各种应用中发挥着关键作用，包括将可再生能源和储能集成到现代电网，电气化运输系统，建筑物等。这些应用要求SST符合电网集成标准IEEE 1547，具有在宽负载范围内以高能量转换效率处理非常突然的负载变化的灵活性。目前的SST无法满足这些需求，自成立以来几乎没有变化。这就需要重新考虑SST的实现，从而引入一系列新的AC-DC双向功率转换器拓扑结构和控制策略，以便在更高的开关频率下执行功率转换，同时减少元件数量和尺寸，以适应广泛的应用。同时，所提出的方法充分利用了新兴的宽带隙和超宽带隙（WBG和UWBG）功率半导体以及用于功率转换的磁性材料的创新。紧密结合的教育计划支持国家优先通过电力电子劳动力培训计划创造基于可再生能源系统的就业机会，该计划包括来自不同背景的学生，并包括社区大学，公立高中和土著保留地的推广。这些成果有助于通过降低可再生能源集成的成本和复杂性，减少此类系统中的功率转换损耗，并改造电气化运输的充电基础设施，从而增加其范围和有效载荷，为可持续的未来做出贡献。该项目从事基础研究，以实现基于WBG和UWBG设备的新系列SST。预期的成果包括：1）通过分析、原型设计和测试发现和验证一系列新的减少器件数量、软开关、高频、重量轻的容错非模块化和模块化功率和电压可扩展SST，这些SST自然符合IEEE 1547标准; 2）用于新SST的独特的多载波空间矢量调制和控制技术; 3）用于SST的高温纳米晶体集成磁性体的新型增材制造技术。与现有技术相比，新的SST将减少25%的设备，成本降低30%，功率密度提高40%，效率提高5%，从而实现更可持续的未来。仅在电池储能应用方面，预计到2030年，美国的储能容量将达到4000太瓦时，新型SST系列将减少约400吉瓦时的电力转换损耗。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Solid State Transformers (SSTs) play a critical role in various applications for a sustainable future including integrating renewable energy and energy storage into modern electrical grids, electrified transportation systems, buildings etc. These applications require SSTs to comply with grid integration standard IEEE 1547, have the agility to deal with very abrupt load changes with high energy conversion efficiency over a wide load range. Present SSTs fall short of meeting these needs, having remained virtually unchanged since their inception. This necessitates the need to rethink the realization of SSTs, leading to the introduction of a family of new AC-DC bidirectional power converter topologies and control strategies to perform power conversion at higher switching frequencies with reduced component count and size for a wide range of applications. Simultaneously, the proposed approach takes full advantage of emerging Wide and Ultra-Wide Band Gap (WBG and UWBG) power semiconductors and innovations in magnetic materials for power conversion. A tightly-coupled educational plan supports the national priority to create renewable energy systems-based jobs through a power electronics workforce training program that includes students from diverse backgrounds and includes outreach to community colleges, public high schools, and Native reservations. The outcomes contribute to a sustainable future by reducing the cost and complexity of integration of renewable energy, reducing power conversion losses in such systems and transforming the charging infrastructure for electrified transportations, thus increasing their range and payload.This project engages in fundamental research to realize a new family of WBG and UWBG device-based, SSTs. The anticipated outcomes include 1) discovery and validation by analysis, prototyping, and testing of a new family of reduced device count, soft switched, high frequency, light weight fault-tolerant non-modular and modular power and voltage scalable SSTs naturally conforming to IEEE 1547; 2) unique multi-carrier space vector modulation and control techniques for the new SSTs; 3) novel additive manufacturing techniques for high temperature nano-crystalline integrated magnetics for SSTs. The new SSTs will have 25% fewer devices compared to state of art, will be 30% cheaper, 40% more power dense, and 5% more efficient resulting in a more sustainable future. In applications to battery energy storage alone, which is expected to expend to 4000 Tera-Watt Hours by 2030 in the US, the new family of SSTs will reduce the losses during power conversion by about 400 GWatt-Hours.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.