Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2023-2028

几十年来对海洋物理、生物和化学的长期观察为理解海洋对环境变化的反应提供了强大的视角。该奖项将把始于1988年的夏威夷海洋时间序列(HOT)研究计划再延续五年。这些观测的连续性将提高数据集的价值，以破译自然和人类影响的气候信号如何影响太平洋生态系统结构。所有热门项目数据都是公开的，世界各地的研究人员和政策制定者经常使用这些数据。HOT还充当(1)开发新传感器和方法的试验台，(2)校准/验证站点，(3)吸引全球学生和研究人员的宝贵训练场，以及(4)国际合作和能力建设论坛。拟议的研究将依赖于每年10次独立的5天探险的船上观测和实验，以及对海-气相互作用、海洋混合和深海物理特征的几乎连续的系泊平台测量。观测包括继续评估海洋碳库和营养库及通量、浮游生物群落结构、生态系统生产力和水柱固有光学性质的动态所需的生物地球化学和物理测量。未来5年的主要计划目标和目标与前几年一样，包括：(1)对北太平洋亚热带环流(NPSG)海洋气候和生态系统变异性之间的相互作用保持高质量的、时间分辨率的海洋学测量；(2)量化碳库和相关生物元素(氮、磷和硅)的储存量和通量的时变(从季节到年代)变化；(3)限制控制海-气碳交换、通过浮游食物网的碳转化速率和进入海洋内部的碳通量的过程，(4)将水文和生物地球化学动力学的气候学延长到40年，以此衡量NPSG栖息地的异常或极端变化，形成数十年的基线，从中破译对NPSG生态系统的自然和人为影响，(5)继续为受益于时间背景、跨学科科学和经常进入公海的辅助项目提供科学和后勤支持，这些项目包括实施、测试和验证新方法和变革性海洋采样技术的项目，以及(6)为下一代海洋科学家提供独特的培训和教育机会。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Long-term observations of ocean physics, biology, and chemistry across decades provide a powerful lens for understanding the response of the oceans to environmental change. This award will continue the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) research program, which began in 1988, for an additional five years. Continuity of these observations will improve the value of the dataset for deciphering how natural and human-influenced climate signals affect ecosystem structure in the Pacific Ocean. All HOT program data are publicly available and are frequently used by researchers and policy makers around the world. HOT also serves as (1) a testbed for the development of new sensors and methodologies, (2) a calibration/validation site, (3) an invaluable training ground that attracts students and researchers from around the globe, and (4) a forum for international collaboration and capacity building.The proposed research will rely on shipboard observations and experiments conducted on ten separate five-day expeditions per year along with near-continuous moored platform measurements of air-sea interactions, ocean mixing, and physical characteristics of the deep sea. Observations include biogeochemical and physical measurements required for continued assessment of dynamics in ocean carbon and nutrient pools and fluxes, plankton community structure, ecosystem productivity, and inherent optical properties of the water column. The major program goals and objectives over the next 5 years remain as in prior years and include: (1) sustain high quality, time-resolved oceanographic measurements on the interactions between ocean-climate and ecosystem variability in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), (2) quantify time-varying (seasonal to decadal) changes in reservoirs and fluxes of carbon and associated bioelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon), (3) constrain processes controlling air-sea carbon exchange, rates of carbon transformation through the planktonic food web, and fluxes of carbon into the ocean’s interior, (4) extend to 40 years a climatology of hydrographic and biogeochemical dynamics from which to gauge anomalous or extreme changes to the NPSG habitat, forming a multi-decadal baseline from which to decipher natural and anthropogenic influences on the NPSG ecosystem, (5) continue to provide scientific and logistical support to ancillary programs that benefit from the temporal context, interdisciplinary science, and regular access to the open sea afforded by HOT program occupation of Station ALOHA, including projects implementing, testing, and validating new methodologies and transformative ocean sampling technologies, and (6) provide unique training and educational opportunities for the next generation of ocean scientists.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.