Collaborative Research: GOALI: Bio-inspired bistable energy harvesting for fish telemetry tags

水生系统是高度相互联系的，这使得鱼类可以穿越很长的距离，潜水穿过水柱，对某些物种来说，还可以在淡水和咸水环境之间移动。迫切需要长寿命、坚持不懈的鱼类监测技术，以帮助了解鱼类行为、选择近海风电场选址、运营水电站和评估海洋水动力系统的环境影响。到2020年，包括鱼类遥测标签在内的全球遥测总市场价值估计将达到2430亿美元。目前的FISH遥测标签受到电池寿命有限的限制，定期更换电池昂贵且对FISH有害。另一个挑战是如何在对鱼的正常生活影响最小的情况下将这些标签贴在鱼身上。在鱼体内植入标签构成了一个复杂的手术过程，有可能阻碍鱼的生命，而机械夹紧鳍可能会对鱼的运动产生负面影响。因此，该方案旨在通过从周围流体和鱼类操作中获取能量来研究鱼遥测标签的自供电策略和仿生附着方法。该项目的目标是设计和验证一种新型的仿生附着装置，其对鱼类的生命和活动的影响最小，并设计和验证仿生宽带能量收集器来实现自供能遥测标签。拟建的仿生鱼牌由仿生双稳态能量收集器、仿生吸盘、声学发射器和包含传输电路、传感器和能量采集管理电路的集成电路电路板组成。特别是，金星捕蝇器背后的原理将被充分理解，以研究所提出的双稳态驰骋压电收割机在鱼的运动和流体流动的联合激励下的跳跃动力学。研究人员将研究雷莫拉和鲨鱼的“共生关系”，并将其用于指导仿生吸盘的设计，这种吸盘带有坚硬的金属小尖刺(模仿片状细刺)，将收割机固定在鱼身上。具体工作范围包括(1)附着机构和自动力传感与通信系统的仿生设计，(2)流体-结构-压电相互作用的建模，(3)复杂激励下双稳态压电能量采集器的仿生动力学，(4)对机器鱼、活鱼的实验验证，以及现场演示，以考察收割机的性能及其对鱼类寿命和灵活性的影响。这项研究与教育和推广计划相结合，包括课程开发、本科研究、K-12学生和教师以及少数群体和妇女的机会。两所大学和业界之间的积极合作将指导基础研究解决关键的行业需求，并使已开发知识的广泛传播和加速实施具有立竿见影的行业影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Aquatic systems are highly interconnected, which allow fish to traverse long distances, to dive through a water column, and, for some species, to move between fresh and saltwater environments. There is critical and urgent need for long-life unremitting fish monitoring technologies that can help with understanding fish behavior, selecting offshore wind farm sites, operating hydroelectric power plants, and assessing environmental impacts of marine hydrokinetic energy systems. The total market value of global telemetry including fish telemetry tags is estimated to reach $243 billion by 2020. Current fish telemetry tags are constrained by the limited lifetime of batteries, and periodic battery replacements are expensive and harmful to the fish. Another challenge is how to attach these tags to a fish with minimum impact on its normal life. Implanting a tag inside a fish body constitutes a complicated surgery process with the risk of impeding the fish life, and the mechanical clamping to the fin may negatively affect the fish motions. Therefore, this proposal aims at investigating a self-powered strategy and a bio- inspired attachment method for fish telemetry tags through energy harvesting from the surrounding fluid and fish maneuvering.The goals of this GOALI project are to design and validate a novel bio-inspired attachment with a minimal influence on fish life and mobility and a bio-inspired broadband energy harvester to achieve a self-powered fish telemetry tag. The proposed bio-inspired fish tag consists of a bio-inspired bi-stable energy harvester, a bio-inspired sucking disc, an acoustic transmitter, and an integrated circuit board that contains both the transmission circuit, sensors, and the energy-harvesting management circuit. Particularly, the principle behind the Venus flytrap will be fully understood to investigate the snap-through dynamics of the proposed bi-stable galloping piezoelectric harvester subjected to the combined excitations from fish maneuver and fluid flow. The remora-shark "symbiotic relationship" will be studied and used to guide the design of the bio-inspired sucking pad with stiff metal-based teeny spikes (in mimic the lamellar spinules) to attach the harvester on the fish. The specific work scope includes (1) a bio-inspired design of an attachment mechanism and a self-power sensing and communication system, (2) modeling of the fluid-structure-piezoelectric interaction, (3) the bio-inspired dynamics of the bi-stable piezoelectric energy harvester under complex excitations, and (4) experimental validation on robotic fish, live fish, and on-site demonstrations to investigate the performance and the influence of harvester on the fish life and mobility. The research is integrated with an educational and outreach plan, including course development, undergraduate research, K-12 students and teachers, and opportunities for minorities and women. The active collaboration between the two universities and industry will guide fundamental research to solve a critical industry need and enable wide dissemination and accelerated implementation of developed knowledge with immediate industry impacts.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.