RAPID: Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) Distributions across the Amazon Basin during the Chemistry of the Amazon-Field Experiment (CAFE) Campaign

这个快速项目的重点是量化和改进有关过程的知识，这些过程控制亚马逊植被排放的气体表层浓度的变化。美国科学家将利用2023年1月由巴西牵头的亚马逊化学-巴西实地实验(CAFE-巴西)河流邮轮，沿着亚马逊中部到西北部的样带收集异戊二烯和其他生物挥发性有机化合物(BVOC)的观测。由于生物圈是大气中有机气体的主要来源，这些有机气体与人为污染相互作用形成臭氧和二次气溶胶，该项目的最终社会效益将是提高评估人类活动对气候和空气质量的总体影响的能力。该项目的主要目标是：1)量化从亚马逊中部到西北部的异戊二烯和其他BVOC的日变化和空间变化；2)将BVOC的变化与气候和土地覆盖联系起来；3)利用结果改进Megan BVOC排放模型的可预测性，以控制BVOC的排放过程及其对气候变化的响应。对这些过程的机械性理解可以改变亚马逊热带雨林和其他高度生物多样性生态系统中用于模拟异戊二烯和其他BVOC排放的方法。在该项目期间收集的数据将增加对控制亚马逊植被气体排放变化和分布的生物过程的理解，并改进生态系统对气候变化反应的模型预测。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This RAPID project is focused on quantifying and improving knowledge about the processes that control variations in the surface-layer concentrations of gases emitted from vegetation in the Amazon. American scientists will take advantage of the January 2023 Brazilian-led Chemistry of the Amazon - Field Experiment in Brazil (CAFE-BRAZIL) river cruise to collect observations of isoprene and other biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) along a transect from the central to northwestern Amazon. As the biosphere is the dominant source of the organic gases in the atmosphere that interact with anthropogenic pollution to form ozone and secondary aerosol, the ultimate societal benefit of this project will be an improved ability to assess the total impact of human activities on climate and air quality.The primary objectives of this project are to: 1) quantify isoprene and other BVOC diurnal and spatial variations from central to northwestern Amazon; 2) relate BVOC variations to climate and land cover; and 3) use the results to improve the MEGAN BVOC emission model predictability of processes controlling BVOC emission and their response to climate change. A mechanistic understanding of these processes could transform the approaches used to model isoprene and other BVOC emissions in the Amazon tropical rainforest and other highly biodiverse ecosystems. The data collected during this project will increase the understanding of biological processes that control the variations and distributions of gaseous emissions from vegetation in the Amazon, and improve model predictions of ecosystem responses to climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.