Microphone array method for the reliable experimental characterization of sound sources for noise control

全面可靠地表征声源对于开发以声源为重点并旨在防止产生干扰声的噪声控制技术具有重要意义。经常用于该表征的工具是多个麦克风（麦克风阵列）的并行应用与适当的处理方法相结合。原则上，这使得能够同时获得关于多个源的位置、强度和方向性以及关于其信号的相干性的信息。然而，目前应用的不同处理方法具有许多限制。没有一种方法能够提供所有必要的信息。此外，在实际应用中，不同方法的结果会有偏差，因此价值有限。因此，本研究项目的基本目标是使用麦克风阵列的声源的可靠的实验表征的贡献。为此，将采取三种不同的办法，并将详细阐述新的处理方法。这些方法将在基于蒙特卡罗的程序的帮助下进行评估，该程序将在项目中进一步开发。所预见的结果是一种方法，该方法在理论上和实验上都得到了验证，并且能够提供关于声源的三维空间分布的信息，并且能够同时对它们的强度、方向性和相干性进行频率相关的测量，同时还提供关于结果的可靠性的信息。

The comprehensive and reliable characterization of sound sources is of great importance in the development of noise control techniques that focus on the sound sources and aim to prevent the generation of disturbing sound. A tool that is frequently employed for that characterization is the parallel application of multiple microphones (microphone array) in combination with appropriate processing methods. In principle, this enables the information on the location, strength and directivity of multiple sources and on the coherence of their signals to be obtained at the same time. However, the different processing methods that are currently applied have a number of limitations. No method does provide all of the necessary information. Moreover, in practical applications the results of the different methods deviate and are therefore of limited value. Thus, the basic objective of this research project is a contribution to the reliable experimental characterization of sound sources using microphone arrays. To this end, three different approaches are to be pursued and novel processing methods will be elaborated. These methods are to be evaluated with the help of a Monte Carlo based procedure that will be further developed within the project. The foreseen result is a method, that is validated both theoretically and experimentally and is able to deliver information about the three-dimensional spatial distribution of sound sources and enables the simultaneous, frequency-dependent measurement of their strength, directivity and coherence while also providing information about the reliability of the results.