SHINE: Understanding the Three-Part Structure of Coronal Mass Ejections Combining Data Analyses and Numerical Simulations

日冕物质抛射（cme）是太阳向整个太阳系发射等离子体的强大事件。它们在地球上制造空间天气，影响人类的技术，特别是在太空中。该项目将通过数值模拟和观测分析提高我们对日冕物质抛射结构的认识。这项工作支持了一位早期的科学家。研究小组将参与面向公众、学生和教师的公共宣传工作。该项目是对cme三部分结构的综合分析。它将结合来自美国国家科学基金会、美国国家航空航天局和美国国家海洋和大气管理局的多次观测和数值模拟。为了更好地理解CME的结构和获得CME子结构的物理性质的一般知识，提出了三个重要的科学问题：(1)在白光日冕图像中观察到的CME结构是什么？日冕图像中观察到的磁通量绳（MFR）和灯丝在哪里？(a)在白光日冕图像中，明亮的核心是由长丝物质、MFR结构组成，还是两者都有？在整个日冕物质喷发结构中，明亮的核心在哪里？(b) EUV图像中低日冕的细丝和MFR与白光图像中中日冕和高日冕的亮核和/或暗腔一致吗？（2.） CME后缘在哪里？在远程和原位观测中，哪些特征可以最好地用于识别CME后缘？在白光日冕图像中，CME后缘在哪里？（3.） 在远程观测和原位测量中是否可以识别出一致的日冕物质抛射结构？(a)远程观测到的日冕物质抛射子结构（包括后缘）的运动学和演化是否与原位测量一致？(b)能否利用现场测量来追踪日冕抛射子结构？该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are powerful events that send plasma from the Sun throughout the solar system. They create space weather at Earth, which impacts human technology, particularly in space. This project will improve our understanding of the structure of CMEs through numerical simulations and analysis of observations. The work supports an early career scientist. The research team will participate in public outreach efforts geared towards the general public, students, and teachers.The project is a comprehensive analysis of the three-part structure of CMEs. It will combine multiple observations from NSF, NASA, and NOAA and numerical simulations. Three important science questions are addressed in order to better understand the CME structure and gain a general knowledge of the physical properties of the CME substructures: (1.) What is the CME structure observed in white-light coronagraphic images and where are the magnetic flux rope (MFR) and filament observed in coronagraphs? (a) In white-light coronagraphic images, does the bright core consist of the filament material, MFR structure, or both, and where is the bright core within the whole CME eruptive structure? (b) Are the observations of the filament and MFR in the low corona in EUV images consistent with the bright core and/or dark cavity in the middle and high corona in white-light images? (2.) Where is the CME trailing edge? Which signatures can be best used to identify the CME trailing edge in remote and in-situ observations and where is the CME trailing edge in white-light coronagraphic images? (3.) Can a consistent CME structure be identified in remote observation and in in-situ measurements? (a) Are the kinematics and evolution of the CME substructures (including the trailing edge) observed remotely consistent with those measured in situ? (b) Can the in-situ measurements be used to track back the CME substructures to the corona?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.