Conference: NSF Workshop on AI-Enabled Scientific Revolution

人工智能（AI）有望通过解锁新方法来颠覆科学，使科学进步产生深远的社会影响。然而，由于人工智能现在主要依赖于基于大型标记数据语料库的训练系统，因此存在一些关键问题需要解决，而这并不是所有科学领域的选择。该研讨会将汇集人工智能和科学领域的领先研究人员，以确定关键挑战和机遇，从而大大加速人工智能科学革命。该研讨会将重点关注制定推动下一代人工智能科学的愿景和战略。人工智能支持的第四次工业革命将是解决全球最大社会挑战的关键（在不破坏地球的情况下养活不断增长的人口，改善人类健康，可再生能源，减缓和管理气候变化，以及创造可持续和公正的社会）。人工智能的领导地位对我国的经济繁荣和福祉也至关重要（例如，本次研讨会将引领关于人工智能新前沿的讨论，新的人工智能框架将推动科学探究，提出新的实验，阐明新的理论，从而彻底改变跨多个科学学科的传统发现过程。它将确定当前最先进的人工智能在现有科学重大挑战问题上的局限性，并制定策略，为转化使用启发的研究设计构建模块，这些研究将产生变革性和持久的科学和社会影响。特别是，（1）推进由科学问题的独特需求驱动的人工智能前沿，以及（2）将特定科学领域的进步带到许多其他领域。 此外，科学问题所特有的挑战也为推进人工智能提供了机会，从而形成了基础人工智能研究推动科学发现的良性循环，以及科学问题中的使用启发挑战推动了人工智能的前沿。该研讨会将帮助建立一个跨科学学科的学者和从业者的协作社区，以探索一系列潜在的基础和转化研究主题。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to disrupt science by unlocking new approaches that enable scientific advances with far-reaching societal consequences. However, there are critical issues to be addressed as AI now relies on primarily on training systems based on big, labeled data corpora, which is not an option in all areas of science. This workshop will bring together leading researchers in AI and scientific domains to identify key challenges and opportunities to dramatically accelerate the AI for science revolution. The workshop will be focused on developing a vision and strategy for catalyzing the next-generation AI-enabled science. An AI-enabled fourth industrial revolution will be key to addressing the biggest global societal challenges (feeding the growing population without destroying the planet, improving human health, renewable energy, mitigating and managing climate change, and creating a sustainable and just society). Leadership in AI is also critical for the economic prosperity and wellbeing of our country (e.g., developing the industries and workforce of the future).This workshop will lead the discussion on a new frontier in AI, where novel AI frameworks will drive scientific inquiry, suggest novel experiments, elucidate new theories, and thus revolutionize the traditional discovery process across multiple scientific disciplines. It will identify limitations of the current state-of-the-art in AI for existing scientific grand challenge problems, and lay out the strategies for designing building blocks for translational use-inspired research that will have transformative and long-lasting scientific and societal impact. In particular, there is a tremendous opportunity for (1) advancing frontiers of AI that are driven by the unique needs of scientific problems, and (2) taking advances made in the context of specific scientific domains to many other domains. In addition, challenges unique to scientific problems also offer an opportunity to advance AI, leading to a virtuous cycle of fundamental AI research driving scientific discovery, and use-inspired challenges in scientific problems advancing the frontiers of AI. The workshop will help build a collaborative community of scholars and practitioners across scientific disciplines to explore a set of potential research themes that are foundational and translational.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.