Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Migration and Social Organization in Times of Culture Change

在世界多个地区，许多前哥伦布时期的国家制度形成和崩溃，导致广泛的社会政治动荡时期。一个主要的考古学问题是地方社区如何经历和适应通过权力，领土和群体身份的重新谈判的区域国家系统的兴衰。在这篇博士论文中，研究人员通过对一组区域性墓葬组合的生物考古学研究来调查这一主题。这些日期之间的下降和另一个地区帝国的崛起。该研究调查了社会在国家扩张时期用于巩固权力和整合社区的战略和机制，或在国家衰落时期发展较小规模的地方和区域系统，并重新谈判领土和群体身份。考古工作对当代区域人口也很重要，他们与史前群体保持着强烈的文化联系，并声称他们是当地的祖先。因此，研究有助于社区努力促进，保护和保存文化遗产。通过结合遗传学，同位素和骨骼学分析，研究人员重建了亲属关系，社区组成，迁移和群体身份的各个方面，以了解社区的性质以及它如何受到后来印加帝国崛起的影响。生物考古学分析提供了对社区和社会群体组成以及过去个人生活经历的精细视角。锶（87 Sr/86 Sr）和氧（18 O）同位素分析记录了过去的迁移，以确定人口迁移如何促进社会的形成，以及后来的印加影响是否涉及广泛的人口迁移。古代DNA分析重建了当地社区内部和社区之间的生物相关性，以确定社区通过亲属关系相互联系的程度。基因分析还揭示了与印加帝国扩张有关的第一代移民是否与当地人生孩子，这将提供相互交织的亲属关系网络的证据。最后，将颅穹窿修改的观察结果与同位素和遗传数据相结合，以确定这种可见的特征如何用于沟通和显示该地区的社会地位，亲属关系或身份。通过整合社区如何形成，相互作用和定义自己的多条互补证据，该研究重建了过去的社区和个人如何经历社会政治变革的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

In multiple regions of the world numerous pre-Columbian state systems formed and collapsed resulting in periods of widespread socio-political upheaval. A major archaeological question is how local communities experienced and adapted to the rise and fall of regional state systems through the renegotiation of power, territory, and group identity. In this doctoral dissertation proposal researchers investigate this topic through a bioarchaeological study of one set of regional mortuary assemblages. These date between the fall of one regional empire and the rise of another. The study investigates the strategies and mechanisms the society used to either consolidate power and integrate communities during times of state expansion, or develop smaller-scale local and regional systems, and renegotiate territory and group identity during periods of state decline. The archaeological work is also significant to the contemporary regional population who retain strong cultural connections to the prehistoric group and claim them as local ancestors. The research thus contributes to community efforts to promote, protect, and preserve cultural patrimony. Through combined genetic, isotopic, and osteological analyses the researchers reconstruct aspects of kinship, community composition, migration, and group identity to understand the nature of the community and how it was impacted by the later rise of the Inca empire. Bioarchaeological analyses provide fine-grained perspectives on community and social group composition, and the lived experiences of past individuals. Strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (ẟ18O) isotope analyses document past migration to determine how population movements contributed to the formation of the society, and whether later Inca influence involved extensive population relocation. Ancient DNA (aDNA) analyses reconstruct the nature of biological relatedness within and between local communities to determine the extent to which communities were interconnected via kinship. Genetic analysis also reveal whether first generation migrants associated with Inca imperial expansion were having children with local individuals, which would provide evidence of interwoven kinship networks. Finally, observations of cranial vault modification are integrated with the isotopic and genetic data to determine how this visible trait was used to communicate and display aspects of social status, kinship, or identity in the region. By integrating multiple lines of complementary evidence for how communities formed, interacted, and defined themselves, the research reconstructs how past communities and individuals experienced the effects of socio-political change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.