Global strategies und local modes of technical vocational education and training in German multinational companies: A regional comparison in Emerging Economies

跨国公司需要熟练的劳动力来进行国际生产。因此，全球企业以及“规模较小”的跨国公司在国际子公司为其工人引入职业教育和培训。特别是，新兴经济体提供了有利的市场；但它们对职业教育和培训来说是具有挑战性的地点。总部以及地方管理层在子公司投入了职业教育和培训。此外，当地的环境也很重要。最近，跨国公司的子公司和当地行为者之间做出了新的安排，以改善新兴经济体的当地职业教育和培训。为了解释德国跨国公司国际子公司的不同类型的职业教育和培训，该项目重点关注三个选定地区(墨西哥瓜达拉哈拉和普埃布拉之间的地区，以及印度班加罗尔和中国的上海大都市地区)的子公司，这些地区拥有不同的“技能形成系统”。此外，此次审查还包括跨国公司在德国的总部。研究的核心问题是，考虑到新兴经济体的当地条件，跨国公司如何在世界各地安排职业教育和培训。该项目特别分析了两个问题：1.职业教育和培训是集中推行还是分散推行，在不同的国际子公司或不同的变种中类似，以及采用哪种混合解决方案？2.跨国公司如何利用或建立当地的职业教育和培训安排？这个项目是探索性的。它将经济地理学和经济与商业教育的视角系统地、创新地结合在一起。项目负责人和研究助理一起检查这些地区作为“研究思路”，研究助理在研究过程中更换他们的主管，从而了解这两个学科的观点。方法论方法结合了不同的合适的定性程序和技术。

Multinational companies need skilled labour for their international production. Hence, global players as well as "smaller" multinational companies introduce vocational education and training for their workers in the international subsidiaries. Particularly, emerging economies offer advantageous markets; yet they are challenging locations for vocational education and training. Headquarters as well as the local management coin the vocational education and training in the subsidiaries. Additionally, the local setting is important, too. Recently, new arrangements have been made between subsidiaries of multinational firms and local actors to improve the local vocational education and training in emerging economies. To explain the different kinds of vocational education and training in international subsidiaries of German multinational companies, this project focuses on subsidiaries in three selected regions with different "skill formation systems" (the region between Guadalajara and Puebla in Mexico, and the metropolitan regions of Bangalore in India and Shanghai in China). Additionally, the examination also includes multinationals´ headquarters in Germany. The central research question is how multinational companies arrange vocational education and training at the worldwide destinations, considering the local conditions in the emerging economies. In particular, the project analyses two questions: 1. Is vocational education and training introduced centrally or decentralized, similar in the different international subsidiaries or in diverse variants, and with which kind of hybrid solutions? 2. How do multinationals use or build up local arrangements of vocational education and training? This project is explorative. It combines the perspectives of economic geography and economic and business education systematically and in an innovative way. Together, project heads and research assistants examine the regions as "research tandems", and the research assistants change their supervisors "cross over" during the research process and thus learn about both disciplinary perspectives. The methodological approach combines different suitable qualitative procedures and techniques.