Minor Castles as Phenomenom of Social and Territorial Change. The Examples of Schleswig and Holstein (13th to 16th Century)

从中世纪到中世纪晚期的过渡以社会的一些变化为特征，当应用于下层贵族时，可以将其描述为自下而上的统治巩固。由于13世纪下层贵族的小型城堡数量的增加是这些变化的主要证据，因此必须研究小型城堡的出现和传播与下层贵族的起源和转变之间的相关性。这最好通过区域研究来保证，因为这样，参考路德维希·彼得里（在限度内无限），就有可能收集到关于这一主题的大多数可用来源，而他们的解释允许超出单个例子范围的陈述。该项目的目的是参照石勒苏益格和荷尔斯泰因，系统地审查这些相互依存关系，因为贵族发挥了至关重要的作用，特别是在这些地区。经过一年半的深入初步研究，该项目由2名工作人员和65%的工作人员组成，为期3年，分为3个工作阶段。质量控制由科学顾问委员会保证。在第一阶段，研究项目关注于收集关于近似的信息。根据书面或有形资料（如地名、文件或印章），介绍该地区存在的300座城堡以及与之相关的人物。在第二阶段，各自的调查结果将系统地相互关联。将提出关于这些小城堡的功能以及与它们有关的人在新出现的领土主权中的地位的问题。这使我们能够更清楚地了解这些地区的下层贵族现象，但这种现象很少得到审查，而且还使我们能够进入关于部长级的尚未解决的辩论。在第三阶段的过程中，在适当考虑比较引导问题的情况下，为每个领域编写一本专著。这两件作品都被视为对易北河以北下层贵族的重新评估，目前由申请人概念化，以及古典城堡纲要。由于石勒苏益格和荷尔斯泰因同时对应丹麦和神圣罗马帝国，因此该项目本质上是国际化的，这体现在跨界合作上。巨大的结构和法律差异为石勒苏益格和荷尔斯泰因的小城堡提供了理想的对比条件。特别是从14世纪开始，荷尔斯泰因贵族向石勒苏益格的持续迁移，对已经存在于石勒苏益格的贵族的相关影响，以及对荷尔斯泰因的强烈反对，都必须考虑在内。该研究项目是同类项目中的第一个，它使人们有理由期待研究结果，其相关性远远超过所考虑的领域，因为它是在欧洲的背景下进行的，因此可以应用于类似的区域。

The transition from the High to the Late Middle Ages is characterized by several changes in society, which, when applied to the lower nobility, might be described as a consolidation of reign from below. Since the increasing quantity of minor castles of the lower nobility during the 13th century is the major evidence for these changes, the correlations between the emergence and spread of minor castles and the genesis and transformation of the lower nobility have to be examined. This is preferably ensured by area studies, since in this way, referring to Ludwig Petry (unlimited within limits), it is possible to gather most of the available sources regarding this subject, whereas their interpretation allows statements beyond the scope of the single example.The project aims at systematically examining these reciprocal interdependencies by reference to Schleswig and Holstein, since the nobility played a vital role particularly in these regions. Based on 1.5 years of intensive preliminary studies, the project with its 2 staff members on a 65% basis is laid out for 3 years and split into 3 work stages. Quality control is ensured by a scientific advisory board. During the first stage, the research project is concerned with gathering information about the approx. 300 castle grounds existing within the regions as well as about the persons related to them, based on written or tangible sources (f.i. toponyms, documents, or seal stamps). During the 2nd stage, the respective findings will systematically be related to each other. Questions about the function of these minor castles as well as about the position of the persons related to them within the emerging territorial sovereignty will be raised. This leads to a clearer understanding of the yet rarely examined phenomenon of the lower nobility of these regions, and furthermore grants access to the still unsettled debate on ministeriales. In the course of the 3rd stage, one monograph for each area is made up in due consideration of a comparative leading question. Both works are to be seen as a move towards both a reassessment of the lower nobility north of the Elbe, currently conceptualized by the applicant, and a classical castle compendium.Since Schleswig and Holstein are corresponding to both Denmark and the Holy Roman Empire, the project inherently is internationally oriented, which reflects in transboundary cooperations. The significant structural and legal differences provide ideal conditions to contrast minor castles in Schleswig with those in Holstein. Especially the ongoing migration of the Holstein nobility towards Schleswig beginning in the 14th century, the associated effects on the nobility already existing in Schleswig, and the backlashes on Holstein have to be taken into account. The research project, the first of its kind, gives reason to expect findings, whose relevance far exceeds the area considered, since it is embedded in a European context and can thus be applied to similar regions.