Between dynastic raison and personal motivation: princely widowers and their scopes of action in the late medieval empire, 1250-1550

与丧偶相比，对1250-1550年间的皇室丧偶的研究一直是一个令人向往的问题。在2018年批准的DFG项目的头两年半时间里，通过密集的研究取得了创新成果，并可以通过无数的讲座和论文向历史鳏夫研究贡献和交流。在收集了一个大约有。根据在妻子去世后未婚至少十年的58名有意义的鳏夫，以及使用欧洲家庭表获得的数据，不仅可以在第一步对例如平均丧偶时间、王子的年龄和配偶的年龄差异进行统计评估，而且还可以说出他们长期丧偶的动机。他们研究了内异性肿瘤的多种因果关系。政治、经济、社会、王朝、个人、健康和宗教因素。尤其是通过一种个人主义的方法，基于TIL EX。遗嘱、编年史、文件和信件、鳏夫行为中的个人方面可以第一次被强调和命名为贵族决策的重要决定因素。在最后一步中，申请人提出的研究概念“回旋余地”被应用于那些长期丧偶的王子。这涉及到在五个坐标(1)空间、(2)经济和金融、(3)王朝和家庭、(4)帝国的宪法地位和(5)地位之间平衡鳏夫及其行动的可能性和限制。有了这些认知目标，到目前为止，该项目遵循了彼得·莫罗和卡尔-海因茨·斯皮斯的传统，他们提出了考虑王室行动的基本研究方法，从而启发了许多未来的项目。由于电晕大流行，相关的旅行限制，以及为了适当地结束该项目，需要延长六个月的时间，以便对柏林的普鲁士文化遗产国家机密档案馆、汉诺威、萨克森-安哈尔特、梅尼根和魏玛的国家档案馆以及德累斯顿的主要国家档案馆进行最后必要的档案查访，因为这些机构由于档案大小而无法提供数字化副本。此外，延展将用于纳入基尔秋季鳏夫问题会议的成果，最后完成一半的手稿，并以这种方式使对王室鳏夫、他们的动机和回旋余地的分析达到一个成功和有益的目的。

In comparison to widowhood, research on princely widowers in the period from 1250 to 1550 has been a desideratum. In the first two and a half years of the DFG project approved in 2018 with a 0.65 TV-L 13 position for a research assistant in the category “PhD student and comparable” fundamental, innovative results were achieved through intensive research and could be contributed and communicated through numerous lectures and essays to the historical widower research. After the collection of a corpus of approx. 58 meaningful widowers with an unmarried state of at least ten years after the death of their wives and the data obtained using the European family tables, it was not only possible in a first step to make statistical evaluations of for example the average duration of widowhood, the age of the princes and the age difference of the spouses, but also to name the motives behind their long-term widowhoods. They spanned a multi-causal spectrum of i.a. political, economic, social, dynastic, personal, health and religious factors. Especially through an individualistic approach, based on till ex. wills, chronicles, documents and letters, personal aspects in the actions of the widower could be highlighted and named for the first time as important determinants for decision-making in the high nobility. In a concluding step, the research concept “room for maneuver” developed by the applicant was applied to the princes who remained long-term widowers. This involved balancing the possibilities and limits of widowers and their actions in between the five coordinates (1) space, (2) economy and finance, (3) dynasty and family, (4) constitutional position in the empire and (5) rank. With these cognitive goals, the project has so far followed the traditions of Peter Moraw, and Karl-Heinz Spiess, who presented fundamental research approaches to consider princely action and thus inspired numerous future projects. Due to the ongoing corona pandemic, the associated travel restrictions and in order to end the project appropriately, a six-month extension is required to make the last necessary archive trips to the Secret State Archives of Prussian Cultural Heritage in Berlin, the state archives of Hanover, Saxony-Anhalt, Meinigen and Weimar and the main state archive in Dresden, as these institutions could not provide digitized copies due to the size of the files. Furthermore, the extension is to be used to incorporate the results of the Kiel autumn conference on widowerhood, to finalize the half-finished manuscript and in this way to bring the analysis of the princely widowers, their motives and their room of maneuver to a successful and profitable end.