Administrative structures in pharaonic Egypt: the early 3rd millennium

这些项目旨在出版、分析和解释公元3世纪早期埃及的印章印记。研究对象为C。14，000个附在容器，纸莎草纸或门上的记事本碎片，在上埃及和下埃及的不同早期王朝和旧王国遗址（定居点和墓地）中发现。印章将作为参与相关行政行为的机构和个人的信息来源，并作为更准确地确定文物和考古背景的手段。摘要的具体性质（即，它们的材料、形状、风格、文字、产地、存款地点和时间）暗示了密封产品的用途、来源和处理，并应加以分析，以便深入了解当地的行政结构。虽然早期研究法老国家的出现主要集中在政治，意识形态和宗教方面，但该项目将突出货物和资源的行政处理与埃及国家发展之间的相互关系。

The projects aims at publishing, analyzing and interpreting early 3rd millennium seal impressions from Egypt. Objects of study are c. 14,000 fragments of dockets which had been attached to vessels, papyri or doors and were found at different Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom sites (settlements as well as cemeteries) of Upper and Lower Egypt. The seal impressions will serve as sources of information about institutions and individuals which took part in the respective administrative acts and as a means for a more exact dating of artefacts and archaeological contexts. The specific character of the dockets (i.e., their material, shape, style, texts, place of origin, deposit place and time) hints at usage, origin and handling of the sealed products and shall be analyzed in order to gain insight into the administrative structures on a local scale. While earlier studies dealing with the emergence of the pharaonic state mostly concentrated on political, ideological, and religious aspects, the project will highlighten the interrelation between the administrative processing of goods and ressources and the development of the Egyptian state.