Spiritualism in Germany: The reception of the American Spiritualist Andrew Jackson Davis in the long 19th century. From republicanism, to free religion, and science

该项目探讨了知识分子计划和他们的主角之间的联系，这通常是单独对待或在既定的史学相互对比：唯心主义与科学，唯心主义与基督教，唯心主义与政治冲突，如1848年革命在德国。该项目的重点是安德鲁杰克逊戴维斯（1826年至1910年）的作品，最被引用的作者之一，美国唯心论，他们纳入德国的辩论宗教，科学和社会改革。传统上，唯灵论被置于宗教历史的边缘，通常与既定的宗教，科学和社会形成鲜明对比。这对唯心主义实践的历史分析和超越有影响。首先，这种内涵系统地边缘化的内容，唯灵论思想在世纪或（重新）介绍了同样的孤立的方式。此外，世纪的相关主角，或者他们作品的某些方面，要么在历史著作中被边缘化，要么被解释现代性发展的相应模式完全抛弃，因为它们不是进步的，或者是不合时宜的。唯灵论和自由宗教（德国天主教徒、光明之友/新教之友）之间的明显联系甚至不是从宗教史的Vantage位置来建立的。重要的是要强调，戴维斯接待的主角不仅作为科学家做出了重要贡献，如Leopoldina总裁Nees von Esenbeck或口腔医学学科的联合创始人Georg von Langsdorff。尼斯以及后来的格雷戈尔·康斯坦丁·维蒂希也是普鲁士德意志天主教运动的核心人物。此外，尼斯和朗斯多夫在1848年前后所持的政治和革命立场似乎也具有核心重要性。因此，该项目将探讨各种智力，个人和组织之间的联系，唯灵论，科学和政治。这种探索基于这样一个前提，即科学、文化和政治话语的基本推动力来自这种环境。关于19世纪及其认识的现有叙述将被严格审查宗教，科学和政治之间的这种关系。

The project explores the nexus between intellectual programmes and their protagonists, which are typically treated separately or contrasted with one another in established historiography: spiritualism versus science, spiritualism versus Christianity, and spiritualism versus political conflict, such as the 1848 revolution in Germany. The project focuses on the works of Andrew Jackson Davis (1826-1910), one of the most cited authors of American Spiritualism, and their incorporation into German debates about religion, science, and social reform. Conventionally, spiritualism is placed at the fringes of the history of religion and is typically represented in contrast to established religion, science, and society. This has consequences for the historical analysis of spiritualist practices and beyond. First and foremost, such connotations systematically marginalise the contents of spiritualist thought in the 19th century or (re-)introduce the same in an isolated manner. Moreover, the related protagonists of the 19th century, or certain aspects of their work, are either marginalised in historical writings, or they are wholly discarded as not progressive or as anachronistic by the respective patterns for explaining the development of modernity. The obvious connections between spiritualism and free religion (German Catholics, Friends of the Light/Protestant Friends) are not even made from the vantage point of a history of religions. It is important to emphasise that the protagonists of the Davis reception to be explored did not only make important contributions as scientists, such as the Leopoldina president Nees von Esenbeck or the co-founder of the discipline of stomatology, Georg von Langsdorff. Nees as well as the later Gregor Konstantin Wittig were also central actors of the German Catholic movement in Prussia. Moreover, the political and revolutionary positions held by Nees and Langsdorff around 1848 seem to be of central importance as well. The project will therefore explore the various intellectual, personal, and organisational connections between spiritualism, science, and politics. This exploration rests on the premise that essential impulses for the scientific, cultural, and political discourse came from this environment. Existing narratives about the 19th century and its epistemes will be critically examined with regard to this relationship between religions, science, and politics.