Exclusions in volunteered geographic information (VGI) - renewal proposal: Geodata from local experts? An examination of the assumption of localness in VGI by analysing the example of OpenStreetMap (OSM)

志愿地理资讯（VGI），也就是透过互动的web2.0，自愿且无偿地收集地理资讯，被视为让边缘化的声音有机会参与地理资讯的汇编与传播。然而，在web2.0中，每个人都可以参与地理信息制作的想法迅速受到质疑，指出了不同的社会和社会技术形式的排斥。然而，尽管VGI在不同领域的重要性迅速增加，但迄今为止，关于VGI的社会和社会技术背景的系统实证研究很少，几乎没有。这是我们研究项目的起点，该项目旨在重建协作组装地理数据的制作。该项目旨在揭示边缘化和排斥的过程，从而分析社会不平等如何被写入VGI，并通过VGI再现。作为一个案例研究，我们着眼于全球最受欢迎的合作收集的地理数据库项目，开放街道地图（OSM）和维基百科，在一个地区背景下，由于多重社会差异和政治冲突线，特别是信息丰富和经验丰富：以色列/巴勒斯坦。

Volunteered geographic information (VGI), that is to say, the voluntary and non-paid collection of geodata within the interactive web 2.0, has been interpreted as a chance for giving marginalized voices access to the compilation and dissemination of geographic information. However, the idea that within the web 2.0 everybody could participate in the fabrication of geographic information has been rapidly questioned, pointing to the different social and socio-technical forms of exclusion. Yet, despite the rapidly growing importance of VGI for different fields, up to now there are only few and hardly any systematic empirical studies on the social and socio-technical backgrounds of VGI. This is the starting point for our research project which aims to reconstruct the fabrication of collaboratively assembled geodata. The project intends to uncover processes of marginalisation and exclusion and thus to analyse how social inequalities are inscribed in VGI and become reproduced through VGI. As a case study we look at the globally most popular projects of a collaboratively collected geodata bases, OpenStreetMap (OSM) and WikiMapia, within a regional context which is due to the multiple social disparities and political conflict lines particularly informative and empirically fertile: Israel/Palestine.