The silent legacy of war. The long-term consequences of conflict-related sexual violence on social capital

近年来，与冲突有关的性暴力（CRSV）越来越受到政策界的关注，正如最近于2014年6月在伦敦举行的终止冲突中性暴力全球峰会所说明的那样（英国政府2014；联合国2012）。虽然在政策领域强调CRSV破坏个人生活和社区关系，但社会科学研究在很大程度上局限于CRSV的原因，而忽视了其后果。该项目通过以下研究问题解决了这一缺陷：CRSV如何长期影响个人和社区？CRSV对社会信任、凝聚力和公民参与（简而言之，社会资本）有何影响？还有哪些因素影响CRSV与社会资本的关系？本项目通过建立一个将CRSV与社会资本联系起来的理论模型，有助于填补这一空白。总体而言，所提出的理论假设——与现有的定性工作（如Kelly et al. 2011）一致——CRSV对人际和社区关系具有深刻的创伤性影响，从而对社会资本产生不利影响。除了这个核心假设之外，还考虑了几个条件假设（例如，环境，与性别相关的价值观，采取机构）。在经验方面，将通过比较混合方法设计，包括在布隆迪进行定性实地研究和人口调查（n=1 000），仔细审查所提出的假设。布隆迪在1993年至2005年间经历了一场大规模的内战，其中约有20万人被杀，CRSV被大规模实施（Watt 2008; Uvin 2008; Daley 2008）。在拟议的调查实验中，申请人将收集CRSV，社会资本和相关变量的定量数据，并利用有助于克服社会可取性偏见的技术（例如，列表实验）。

In recent years conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) has received increasing attention in policy circles, as the recent Global Summit to End Sexual Violence in Conflict in London in June 2014 illustrated (UK Government 2014; UN 2012). Although in the policy world it is emphasized that CRSV destroys individual lives and community relations, social science research has been largely restricted to the causes of CRSV while neglecting its consequences. This project addresses this shortcoming with the following research questions: How does CRSV affect individuals and communities in the long term? What are the consequences of CRSV on social trust, cohesion and civic engagement - in short, social capital? Which other factors influence the relationship between CRSV and social capital? This project contributes to filling this gap by developing a theoretical model that links CRSV to social capital. Overall, the proposed theory assumes - in line with existing qualitative work (e.g., Kelly et al. 2011) - that CRSV has deep-cutting, traumatic effects on interpersonal and community relationships and thereby adverse consequences on social capital. In addition to this core hypothesis, several conditional hypotheses are taken into account (e.g., circumstances, gender-related values, taking agency). Empirically, the proposed hypotheses will be scrutinized through a comparative mixed-method design, including qualitative field research and a population-based survey (n=1,000) in Burundi. Burundi experienced a massive civil war between 1993 and 2005, in which approximately 200,000 people were killed and CRSV was perpetrated on a massive scale (Watt 2008; Uvin 2008; Daley 2008). In the proposed survey experiment the applicant will collect quantitative data on CRSV, social capital and related variables and utilize techniques that help overcome social desirability bias (e.g., list experiments).