The disruptive effects of deviant and changing auditory distractors: A test of theories of auditory distraction

双重模型常被用来解释听觉分心现象。该模型区分了两种类型的短期记忆干扰：改变听觉干扰物对短期记忆的干扰(改变状态效应)归因于干扰目标物品之间顺序信息的维持的前注意的、强制性的干扰物之间的顺序信息处理。听觉偏差扰乱了一系列相似的干扰因素(偏差效应)，这归因于注意力从主要任务上转移。在将两种听觉分心现象都归因于注意力转移的理论中，实现了对双重模型的另一种选择。乍一看，第二种解释似乎更有吸引力，因为它更节俭。然而，两种根本不同类型的听觉分心之间的区别似乎得到了结果的支持，这些结果表明，状态变化效应和偏离效应之间存在分离。对这些结果的仔细检查表明，它们不能被清楚地解释为支持双重模型，因为替代解释是可能的，而经常被引用的分离指的是不同方法方法的研究之间的比较。因此，本研究旨在通过一系列直接比较状态变化效应和偏离效应的实验，对这两种听觉分心模型进行公平和严格的检验。

The duplex model is often used to explain phenomena of auditory distraction. The model distinguishes between two types of short-term memory disruption: The disruption of short-term memory by changing auditory distractors (the changing-state-effect) is attributed to a preattentive, obligatory processing of order information among distractors which is assumed to interfere with the maintenance of order information among the target items. The distraction by auditory deviants that disrupt a regular sequence of similar distractors (the deviance effect) is attributed to an attention shift away from the primary task. An alternative to the duplex model is implemented in theories that attribute both phenomena of auditory distraction to attention shifts. At first sight, the second explanation seems more attractive because it is more parsimonious. However, the distinction between two fundamentally different types of auditory distraction seems to be backed up by results that show a dissociation between the changing-state effect and the deviance effect. A close examination of these results shows that they cannot be clearly interpreted in favor of the duplex model because alternative explanations are possible, and the often-cited dissociations refer to comparisons between studies with different methodological approaches. Therefore, the present research project aims at providing a fair and critical test of both models of auditory distraction in a series of experiments in which the changing-state-effect and the deviance effect are compared directly.