What people say and do in response to negative feedback: Explaining and reducing defensiveness toward individual and group criticism

这项研究将使我们能够第一次全面地了解人们如何回应批评，不仅是对他们的群体，也是对他们自己的批评。该项目的第一部分（侧重于对群体的批评）将有助于就如何在一系列文化、国家和公司群体内部和之间谈判敏感问题提供具体建议。该项目的第二部分（侧重于对个人的批评）将就如何向个人提供负面反馈提出具体建议，这是一项在教育背景和工作场所特别重要的技能。

This research will allow us to devise, for the first time, a comprehensive account of how people respond to criticism, not just of their groups but also of themselves as individuals. The first part of the project (focusing on criticism of groups) will help provide specific recommendations regarding how to negotiate sensitive issues within and between a range of cultural, national, and corporate groups. The second part of the project (focusing on criticism of individuals) will provide specific recommendations regarding how to deliver negative feedback to individuals, a skill that is particularly important in educational contexts and in the workplace.