Genetic and management factors influencing cow milk quality and safety

以印度教为主的印度社会的食物消费模式强烈依赖牛奶和奶制品作为素食的蛋白质来源。虽然城市化加剧了市场对牛奶和奶制品的需求，但由于土地和饲料短缺、劳动力短缺和动物排泄物处理不当，城市和城市周边的乳品单位也面临巨大压力。只有在动物、饲料和营养素以及金融和人力资本得到有效利用的情况下，才能以生态和经济可持续的方式满足城市对乳制品的需求。实现这一目标的管理策略将不可避免地在不同类型的奶牛场之间以及城乡交界处的不同地区之间有所不同。因此，项目A03的关键问题是要求在该界面的沿着不同地点保持乳制品生产可行性的因素组合。FOR2432的一般假设是，争夺土地导致农业生产的加强，增加家庭对突发事件和冲击的脆弱性（GH1），随着粮食系统效率的提高，货物和服务交换过程的多样性减少（GH3），与此不同，项目A03以明确的空间方式侧重于以下方面的相关性：（一）养分管理，（ii）主要和功能性动物性状，（iii）动物营养和遗传学的相互作用，以及（iv）肠道发酵产生的温室气体排放，从而涉及终身生产力的概念。我们的长期目标（第二阶段）是开发一个城市奶牛养殖的概念模型，该模型考虑到自然资源基础，由基因决定的和管理上改变的初级农产品向次级农产品的转化过程之间的相互作用，以及系统及其环境的决定性社会和经济特性。为了实现其目标，A03将在FOR2432的第一阶段，特别与项目A01，B02，B03和C01合作。这些合作将提供第一个洞察到主要的自然，社会和经济因素，管理结构和成功或失败的乳制品生产系统沿着城乡界面。

Food consumption patterns of the Hindu-dominated Indian society strongly rely on milk and milk products as protein sources in vegetarian diets. While urbanisation has intensified the market demand for milk and milk products, it has at the same time put urban and peri-urban dairy units under high pressure due to land and fodder scarcity, labour shortage, and inappropriate disposal of animal excreta. The urban demand for dairy products can only be met in an ecologically and economically sustainable way if animals, feeds and nutrients, and financial and human capital are efficient used. Management strategies to achieve this will inevitably vary between different types of dairy farms and between different localities across the rural-urban interface. The key question of project A03 therefore asks for the factor combinations that allow dairy production to remain viable at different locations along this interface. Departing from the general hypotheses of FOR2432 that the competition for land leads to intensified agricultural production and increases household vulnerability to contingencies and shocks (GH1), and that the diversity of exchange processes of goods and services decreases as food systems become more efficient (GH3), project A03 focusses, in a spatially explicit way, on the relevance of (i) nutrient management, (ii) primary and functional animal traits, (iii) the interactions of animal nutrition and genetics, and (iv) greenhouse gas emissions from enteric fermentation, thereby referring to the concept of lifetime productivity.Our longer-term goal (Phase II) is to develop a conceptual model of (peri-)urban dairy farming that accounts for the natural resources base, the interplay of genetically determined and managerially modified turnover processes of primary into secondary agricultural products, and decisive social and economic properties of the systems and their environment. To meet its goals, A03 will, in Phase I of FOR2432, collaborate particularly with projects A01, B02, B03, and C01. These collaborations will provide first insights into major natural, social, and economic factors that govern the structure and success or failure of dairy production systems along the rural-urban interface.