Lane formation in restricted geometries

对于特殊的2d和3d系统，理论上已经预测了粒子的两组分系统中的通道的形成，其中组分在相反的方向上移动。到目前为止，这种现象的实验证明仅在短时间内实现。因此，该现象可被视为瞬态现象而不是真实的相变。基于密度泛函理论的模拟证实了这一实验结果。在这里，我们建议在实验和理论上代表周期性边界条件的限制运动的粒子运动的研究。我们将研究运动的周期性对粒子相行为的影响，并期望找到车道形成的稳定区域。此外，相互作用粒子的单组分系统将形成层，这已经在静止和运动系统中进行了研究。因此，我们将进行测量和模拟类似的整体系统，然后作为参考系统的行为下的颗粒流的周期性边界条件。模拟和实验的结合使我们能够涵盖广泛的可能的情况下，并给出了在同一时间的可能性，以检查假设和近似的模拟在真实的物理条件下。通过这些研究，我们打算了解统计物理学中的一种现象，这种现象似乎存在于各种各样的系统中，但由于许多虚假效应会阻碍纯形式的发生，因此很难以其纯形式识别。这种理解反过来将提供更好地理解许多系统中传输过程中的有序现象，从生物细胞中的传输到管道中颗粒介质的传输

The formation of lanes in a two-component system of particles, in which the components move in opposite directions, has been predicted theoretically for special 2d and 3d systems. Experimental proof of this phenomenon has so far been achieved on short timescales, only. Thus, the phenomenon can be regarded as a transient phenomenon and not as a real phase transition. Simulations based on density functional theory have confirmed this experimental result. Here we suggest studies of particle motion in restricted motion which represent periodic boundary conditions experimentally and theoretically. We will investigate the influence of the periodicity of the motion on the phase behaviour of the particles and expect to find stable regions of lane formation. In addition, single component systems of interacting particles will form layers, which have been investigated in resting and moving systems. Therefore, we will perform measurements and simulations of similar monolithic systems which then serve as reference systems for the behaviour of particle flow under periodic boundary conditions. The combination of simulation and experiments allows us to cover a wide range of possible scenarios and gives at the same time the possibility to check the assumptions and approximations of the simulations under real physical conditions. With these studies we intend to give understanding of a phenomenon in statistical physics, which seems to be present in a large variety of systems but is extremely difficult to identify in its pure form due to the fact that many spurious effects can hinder the occurrence of the pure form. This understanding, in turn, will provide better understanding of order phenomena in transport processes in many systems, ranging from transport in biological cells to transport of granular media in pipes