Glacial to Holocene South African precipitation changes associated with Agulhas warm water transport.

预计南非周围的第四纪地表-海洋温度变化对非洲大陆降雨量的变化至关重要。因此，SAPAC将研究温暖的莫桑比克海流和阿古拉海流以及寒冷的本格拉海流对末次冰期至全新世南非降水变化的重要性。浮游有孔虫的氧同位素和微量元素(镁/钙、钡/钙)记录将与南非、奥兰治河、林波波河和桑贝西河等主要河流十年至百年分辨率的陆源物质河流供应记录相比较。这些记录应能够确定两个不同现行系统的温度变异性，以及河流径流的变化，作为气候快速多变期间降水量增加或减少的记录器。来自两个邮轮(M57-1和M63-1)的新的海洋古环境数据集的组合将首次揭示南非东部和西部主要河流的地表洋流和主要河流的径流变化之间的快速气候变化的对应程度。最后，这将有助于查明大陆降水和亚热带海洋气候变化之间的联系，这是更好地了解在温暖气候和寒冷条件下海洋环流快速变化对南非上空水文循环的作用所需的重要基础知识。

It is expected that Quaternary surface-ocean temperature variations around South Africa were pivotal for changes in rainfall over the continent. Therefore, SAPAC will study the importance of the warm Mosambique and Agulhas Current, as well as the cold Benguela Current, for last glacial to Holocene changes in South African precipitation. Planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotope and minor element (Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca) records will be generated in combination with ketone unsaturation ratios for comparison with records of fluvial supply of land-derived material at decadal to centennial resolution off the major rivers of South Africa, the Orange, Limpopo, and Sambezi. These records should allow identification of temperature variability in the two different current systems, as well as changes in river runoff as a recorder of higher or lower precipitation during periods of rapid climate variability. The combination of new marine paleoenvironmental data sets from two cruises (M57-1 and M63- 1) will for the first time unravel the degree of correspondence in rapid climate variability between surface currents and between runoff variations of major rivers in eastern and western South Africa. Finally, this should allow identification of linkages between continental precipitation and subtropical ocean climate change, which is important basic knowledge required to better understand the role of rapid oceanic circulation changes under warm climate and cold conditions for the hydrological cycle over South Africa.