Management concepts for design options using digital building models

建筑物或建筑群的设计和规划往往基于建筑物所有者的需要、给定的条件以及技术和财政条件和限制。这些要求，以及建筑的创造力，可能会导致需要探索建筑设计的一系列变体。此外，在详细规划期间，对于建筑围护结构、楼层平面图、设施设备或总体结构系统的设计也有各种选择。为了找到好的或可能的最佳设计，必须创建、开发、测试和评估不同的设计变体。然而，这种设计备选方案的开发、评估和再利用可能非常复杂，因此变体的创建和评估通常只在小范围内进行。然而，特别是在设计的早期阶段，这种方法尤其重要，因为在这一步骤中做出的设计决策将对项目整个生命周期的后续规划步骤产生重大影响。在第一阶段，开发了描述数字建筑模型的选项类的概念。结构、功能和产品选项可以合并为复杂的选项图。要生成完整的建筑设计，可以组合各种选项，并在所需的细节级别提供这些选项。该分项目的第二阶段侧重于以知识为基础重新利用为类似建筑设计创造的备选方案。将开发一个知识库，以便能够系统地存储不同的设计选择。为此，将具体实施基于案例的推理(CBR)方法。相似性评估用于在定义的项目条件下选择可被识别为与现有建筑设计相似的选项。对于相似性评价，将对模式识别方法进行研究和推广。所发现的以及类似的结构可以适应当前的设计。找到的建筑变体将被改编并整合到当前的设计中。然后，可以用现有的方法对新的方案进行评估。也有可能一个新选项被评估为“不适合”。然后，适当的选项将作为新案例并入知识库。因此，随着时间的推移，知识库将不断增长。将在研究单位参考项目的基础上，与其他次级项目密切协调，对所制定的概念和方法进行验证。

The design and planning of buildings or building complexes are often based on the needs of the building owner, the given conditions as well as on technical and financial conditions and constraints. These requirements, along with the architectural creativity, can result in the need to explore a range of variants for building designs. In addition, during detailed planning there are various options for the design of the building envelope, floor plans, facility equipment or the structural system in general. In order to find a good or possibly optimal design, different design variants must be created, developed, tested and evaluated. The development, evaluation and reuse of such design options can be, however, very complex so that the creation of variants and their evaluation are usually performed only on a small scale. However, especially in early phases of design, this approach is particularly essential, since the design decisions made at this step will have a significant impact on the subsequent planning steps for the entire lifetime of the project.In the first phase, concepts for the description of option classes for digital building models were developed. Structure, function and product options can be merged to complex option graphs. To generate a complete building design, options can be combined and made available at the required levels of detail. The second phase of the subproject focuses on the knowledge-based reuse of created options for similar building designs. A knowledge base will be developed to be able to store the different design options systematically. For this purpose, methods of case-based reasoning (CBR) are to be implemented specifically. A similarity evaluation is used to select options that can be recognized as similar for the existing building design under the defined project conditions. For the similarity evaluation, methods of pattern recognition will be investigated and extended. The found and thus similar structures can be adapted for the current design. The building variants found are to be adapted and integrated into the current design. Afterwards, the new option can be evaluated with the existing methods. It is also possible that a new option is evaluated as “not suitable.” Suitable options will then be integrated into the knowledge base as a new case. Thus, the knowledge base will grow continuously in the course of time. The validation of the developed concepts and methods will be carried out in close coordination with the other subprojects on the basis of a reference project of the research unit.