MAMAP - CoMet Proposal for the University of Bremen contribution to the HALO Mission CoMet in the framework of the DFG Priority Program Atmosphären- und Erdsystemforschung mit dem Forschungsflugzeug HALO (SPP 1294)

不来梅大学对HALO彗星任务的贡献的研究目标集中在第一个科学问题（SQ1，参见HALO彗星伞提案）：我们能否（以自上而下的方法）识别和量化当地的温室气体来源，如发电厂、煤矿、垃圾填埋场、城市羽流或地质来源？这将通过HALO彗星携带CHARM F在具有强局域点源的地区进行低空飞行来解决。由于HALO的飞行高度和速度，它只能从具有强局部点源的区域获得很少的羽流横断面，而在较低和较慢飞行的飞机上的MAMAP将提供预计具有强局部点源的区域的详细局部背景。使用MAMAP，在大约10x10至20x20 km2的比尺范围内，将提供CO2和CH4的柱平均干空气摩尔分图（表示为XCO2和XCH4）。目标区域是柏林（二氧化碳城市羽流以及附近两个二氧化碳排放强烈的发电厂）和上西里西亚盆地，在一个相对较小的地区有几个强烈的CH4排放者。该活动的数据将使用MAMAP和CHARM-F数据，根据震源位置和/或（取决于震源密度）震源区域的定位以及震源强度的量化来分析和解释。这些数据将进一步通过安装在HALO上的原位仪器（例如ch4， CO2, H2O；另见HALO彗星白皮书）进行原位测深来验证。在耶拿MPI BGC的合作下，该解释将得到高分辨率模型的支持。此外，还将研究MAMAP和COMET传感器在多大程度上构成了足够的仪器，以验证未来的星载任务，如OCO-2、Sentinel-5先驱、GOSAT-2、MERLIN、Sentinel-5、CarbonSAT或ASCENDS。这将通过协调2017年活动任务（OCO-2, Sentinel-5P，潜在的GOSAT）的卫星立交桥的可行战役飞行来解决。将对机载遥感和现场数据进行数据解释，与卫星观测进行比较。

The research objective of the contribution of University of Bremen to the HALO CoMet mission is focusing on the first science question (SQ1, see HALO CoMet umbrella proposal): Can we identify and quantify (in a top-down approach) local sources of greenhouse gases such as power plants, coal mines, landfills, city plumes, or geological sources? This will be addressed by underflying of HALO CoMet carrying CHARM F over regions with strong localised point sources. Whereas HALO, due to its flight altitude and speed, will be able to only get a very few transects through plumes from areas with strong localised point sources, MAMAP on a lower and slower flying aircraft will provide the detailed local context of the area where strong localised point sources are expected. With MAMAP, maps of column averaged dry air mole factions of CO2 and CH4 (denoted XCO2 and XCH4) will be provided for scales of approximately 10x10 to 20x20 km2. Target areas are Berlin (CO2 city plume as well as two strong CO2 emitting power plants nearby) and the Upper Silesian Basin with several strong CH4 emitters on a relatively small arear. The data from the campaign will analysis and interpretated in terms of localisation of source positions and/or (depended on source density) source areas, as well as quantification of source strengths , using MAMAP and CHARM-F data. The data will further be validate by in-situ soundings performed with the in-situ instrumentation also installed on HALO (e.g.CH4, CO2, H2O; see also HALO CoMet White Paper). The interpretation will be supported by high resolution modelling in cooperation of MPI BGC in Jena. In addition, it will be investigated in how far MAMAP and COMET sensors constitutes an adequate instrumentation to validate future spaceborne missions such as OCO-2, Sentinel-5 Precursor, GOSAT-2, MERLIN, Sentinel-5, CarbonSAT, or ASCENDS. This will be addressed by coordinating wherever feasible campaign flights with satellite overpasses of those missions active in 2017 (OCO-2, Sentinel-5P, potentially GOSAT). Data interpretation of airborne remote sensing and in-situ data will be performed in comparison to the satellite observations.