DECOR: Dynamical Effects on Composition and transport Of climate Relevant species, in the extratropical upper troposphere lower and stratosphere region

定量研究气候相关痕量物质在对流层上层、平流层下层区域的输送、混合和化学加工作用，对了解其辐射收支具有重要意义。区域到大尺度的动力机制，如急流、季风外流、重力波或罗斯比破波等，改变了UTLS中微量物种的分布，从而对UTLS的稳定性、不可逆运输和气候产生影响。该项目的范围是调查和量化由选定的动力过程引起的UTLS区域成分和运输的变化，特别关注微量气体水蒸气，臭氧，氮氧化物和卤素物种以及卷云。为此，我们开发了机载质谱仪AIMS和可调谐二极管激光湿度计WARAN，我们将把它们集成到WISE任务的HALO上。此前，该仪器在TACTS/ESMVal、ML-CIRRUS和POLSTRACC/GW-Cycle/SALSA期间对HALO进行了独特的测量。因此AIMS利用SF5-离子的化学电离来检测UTLS区域的HCl、HNO3、SO2和HONO。在此，我们提出了两种校准方法，用于在未来的HALO实验中定量检测ClONO2和HBr。WISE期间，我们将研究HCl、HNO3、O3等平流层示踪剂和对流层示踪剂SO2在温带UTLS和对流层顶逆温层（TIL）附近的贡献。根据纬度和季节，我们将重点关注改变TIL的运输过程。我们将使用示踪剂-示踪剂相关性来测量ExUTLS及以上的不可逆混合的影响。我们将研究ExTL以上区域的平流层示踪剂-示踪剂相关性，并将其与下面的混合层进行比较。亚洲夏季风和夏季副热带急流附近的罗斯比波破裂等选定的动力机制导致平流层下层的稀释或冲刷。此外，我们将把我们的原位测量数据与GLORIA (HNO3, ClONO2， H2O和SO2), DOAS （HONO, Bry）和WALES （H2O）的遥感数据进行比较。第二个重点是POLSTRACC/GW-Cycle/SALSA任务的数据评估。本文将利用拉格朗日飞行研究卤素对平流层冷气溶胶的处理。进一步，我们将集中研究冷卷云冰晶对硝酸的吸收。在了解HNO3的吸收以及三水合硝酸（NAT）或其他冷凝水/硝酸相对低温下UTLS组成和气候的影响方面，仍然存在专门的不确定性。这些问题将使用WARAN湿度计和AIMS HNO3数据中的冰水含量，以及HALO上AENEAS检测到的总活性氮来分析。这些测量结果将有助于更好地理解和量化动力和云对ExUTLS地区气候相关物种分布的影响。

Quantifying the roles of transport, mixing and chemical processing of climate relevant traces species in the upper troposphere lower stratosphere region is of major importance for understanding its radiation budget. Regional to large scale dynamical regimes such as jet streams, the monsoon outflow, gravity waves or Rossby wave breaking modify the distribution of trace species in the UTLS and thereby have an impact on UTLS stability, irreversible transport and climate. It is the scope of this project to investigate and quantify changes in the composition and transport in the UTLS region induced by selected dynamical processes with a special focus on the trace gases water vapour, ozone, nitrogen oxide and halogen species as well as cirrus clouds. To this end, we have developed the Airborne Mass Spectrometer AIMS and the tunable diode laser hygrometer WARAN and we will integrate them on HALO for the WISE mission. Previously, unique measurements on HALO have been performed with this instrumentation during TACTS/ESMVal, ML-CIRRUS and POLSTRACC/GW-Cycle/SALSA. Thereby AIMS uses the chemical ionization with SF5- ions to detect HCl, HNO3, SO2 and HONO in the UTLS region. Here we propose two calibration methods to quantitatively detect ClONO2 and HBr in future HALO experiments. During WISE, we will investigate the contributions of stratospheric tracers such as HCl, HNO3, O3 and the tropospheric tracer SO2 in the extratropical UTLS and near the tropopause inversion layer (TIL). Depending on latitude and season we will focus on transport processes that modify the TIL. We will measure the effects of irreversible mixing in the ExUTLS and above using tracer-tracer correlations. We will investigate stratospheric tracer-tracer correlations in the region above the ExTL and compare them to mixed layers below. Selected dynamical regimes like the Asian Summer Monsoon as well as Rossby wave breaking near the subtropical jet in summer results in dilution or flushing of the lower stratosphere. Further we will compare our in-situ measurements to remote sensing data from GLORIA (HNO3, ClONO2, H2O and SO2), DOAS (HONO, Bry) and WALES (H2O). A second focus is the data evaluation from the POLSTRACC/GW-Cycle/SALSA mission. Here, we will investigate the halogen processing on cold stratospheric aerosol using Lagrangian flights. Further we will concentrate on the nitric acid uptake in cold cirrus ice crystals. Dedicated uncertainties remain in understanding uptake of HNO3 and effects of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) or other condensed water / nitric acid phases on UTLS composition and climate at low temperatures. These questions will be analyzed using the ice water content from the WARAN hygrometer and AIMS HNO3 data in concert with total reactive nitrogen detected with AENEAS on HALO. Summarized our measurements will help to better understand and quantify the effects of dynamics and clouds on the distribution of climate relevant species in the ExUTLS region.