The controversy surrounding hydraulic fracturing in Germany, France, and Poland. A comparative study about the role of ecological economies of worth and civic epistemologies in current conflicts on risk

该项目研究了在当前能源转型背景下，法国、德国和波兰使用水力压裂的风险冲突，该项目在欧洲范围内广泛发起，并具有高度的社会和政治优先权。结合以话语分析为重点的比较研究设计，它将风险社会学和风险话语的理论和概念观点推进到解释这些争议所必需的程度。这是通过在具体的冲突轨迹和公民认识论的背景下检查评估和辩护的生态秩序（价值经济）的作用来完成的，这些认识论定义了风险评估的形式和处理风险的方式。虽然法国已经暂停使用所谓的水力压裂法，但德国在最初的犹豫之后，越来越多地开始采取措施允许这种做法。相比之下，波兰在相当长一段时间内接受了这种做法。一方面，水力压裂法有望对各自国家的供应做出重大贡献，并如环境政策所希望的那样，在各自的能源组合中实现多样性的优化。另一方面，关于这项技术可能涉及的风险存在着广泛的辩论，在这些国家，对个别因素的强调程度明显不同，并导致了明显不同的后果。在当前的社会条件下，这些关于水力压裂的争论正在发生，其特点是，它是直接的地方或区域空间，被视为受到潜在的危害。此外，就各方所采用的环境问题和可持续性战略（气候保护、能源转向）而言，这种冲突星座是新的。法国、德国和波兰这种新的冲突的起因、形式、动态和后果构成了本研究的核心焦点，并将通过使用风险社会学和话语分析视角来发现，以突出生态经济的价值和公民认识论在这些争议中的作用。首先，必须在国家层面上审视水力压裂法争议的参与者、领域和轨迹。第二，将在每个选定的国家针对选定的个别案例进行两项区域案例研究，重点关注风险评估的行为者、形式和过程。第三，本研究将通过系统比较，并基于风险话语研究的理论和概念阐述，分析冲突动态的维度和推动它们的因素（价值生态经济、轨迹、公民认识论）。该项目旨在为理解当前围绕欧洲能源转向的社会和技术政策冲突提供实质性贡献。

This project studies current risk conflicts surrounding the use of hydraulic fracturing in France, Germany, and Poland in the context of the current energy turn, initiated sweepingly at a European level and given high societal and political priority. Incorporating a comparative research design focused on discourse analysis, it advances theoretical and conceptual perspectives of sociology of risk and risk discourses to the extent necessary for explaining these disputes. This is accomplished by examining the role of ecological orders of evaluation and justification (economies of worth) in the context of the concrete conflict trajectories and civic epistemologies that define both the forms risk evaluation takes and the way risks are processed. While a moratorium regarding the use of so-called fracking has been put in place in France, Germany has, after some initial hesitation, increasingly begun to take steps towards allowing this practice. Poland, by contrast, has embraced its use for quite some time. On one hand, fracking promises a substantial contribution to the respective national supply and an optimization, as desired by environmental policy, of diversity within the respective energy portfolios. On the other, there has been wide-spread debate about possible risks involved with this technology, which in these countries has been led with noticeably different accentuations of individual elements, and has resulted in noticeably different consequences. The current societal conditions under which these disputes on fracking are taking place are distinguished by the fact that it is the immediate local or regional space that is seen to be subject to potential endangerment. Furthermore, this conflict constellation is new insofar as environmental concerns and sustainability strategies (climate conservation,energy turn) are employed by all parties. The causes, forms, dynamics, and consequences of this new constellation of conflict in France, Germany, and Poland comprise the core focus of this study and are to be discovered by using sociology of risk and discourse analysis perspectives to highlight the role of ecological economies of worth and civic epistemologies in such controversies. First, the actors, arenas, and trajectories in the dispute on fracking must be examined at a national level. Second, two regional case studies on select individual cases are to be carried out in each of the selected countries focusing on actors, forms, and processes of risk evaluation. Third, the study will then, analyze the dimensions of conflict dynamics and the factors that fuel them (ecological economies of worth, trajectories, civic epistemologies) via systematic comparison and based on the theoretical and conceptual elaborations of risk discourse research. This project intends to provide a substantial contribution towards understanding current conflicts on social and technological policy surrounding the energy turn in Europe.