Governing (with) ecosystem services: Changing Problematisations and Rationalities of Governing in German Nature and Landscape Policies

“生态系统服务”(ESS)已成为国际、欧洲乃至德国关于自然保护和景观管理的争论的一个关键术语。它可以被视为从经济角度对生物多样性政策进行方案调整的一个指标。到目前为止，几乎没有人研究过，随着“生态系统服务”一词的使用增多，德国“自然保护和景观管理”这一政策领域的管理会发生怎样的变化。例如，是否出现了自然和景观的节约化或新自由主义，即如国际上经常描述的那样，扩大了经济和以市场为基础的原则的应用？还是相反的力量占上风，最终加强了政府监管、公民社会参与和市场力量之间业已确立的关系？或者，在德国目前正在制作的ESS演讲过程中，对自然和景观政策的具体新理解正在形成？--这些基本问题是拟议项目的核心。其目的是从政府研究的角度来研究德国的ESS语篇。将分析如何结合受经济影响的ESS概念来辩论自然保护和景观管理。重点是“自然保护和景观管理”政策领域的管理的问题和合理性，特别是德国这些问题和合理性的变化动态。密切相关的问题是，在这些政策的目标(即自然、景观、生物多样性、规划等)如何变化方面应观察到哪些变化。是否构成了问题化的一部分，以及是否甚至在ES论述过程中出现了全新的对象。该项目被设想为一种语篇分析，依赖于定量词汇计量学方法以及定性的实证方法，如文件分析、半结构化访谈和参与者观察。除其他外，“自然之都德国--TEEB DE”和“在德国实施欧盟生物多样性战略行动5”(MAES DE)将得到深入研究。

"Ecosystem services" (ESS) has become a key term of the international, the European and increasingly also the German debates on nature conservation and landscape management. It may be regarded as an indicator of a programmatic reorientation of biodiversity policies in an economic vein. It has hardly been studied hitherto how governing in the policy area "nature conservation and landscape management" is changing in Germany with the increased use of the term "ecosystem services". For instance, does an economisation or neoliberalisation of nature and landscape occur, that is, an expansion of the application of economic and market-based principles, as is often described at the international level? Or do counteracting forces prevail that end up reinforcing the well-established relationship of governmental regulation, civil society involvement and market forces? Or is a specific novel understanding of nature and landscape policies developing in the course of the ESS discourses currently being produced in Germany? - These fundamental questions lie at the heart of the proposed project. The aim is to study ESS discourses in Germany from the perspective of governmentality research. It is to be analysed how nature conservation and landscape management are debated in connection with the economically influenced ESS concept. The focus is on the problematisations and rationalities of governing in the policy area "nature conservation and landscape management", in particular on the dynamics of changes in these problematisations and rationalities in Germany. Closely related is the question which changes are to be observed in how the objects of these policies (that is, nature, landscape, biological diversity, planning etc.) are constituted as a part of problematisations and whether even entirely new objects arise in the course of the ES discourses. The project is conceived as a discourse analysis, relying on quantitative lexicometric methods as well as on qualitative empirical methods such as document analyses, semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Among others, the initiatives "Nature capital Germany - TEEB DE" and "Implementation of Action 5 of the EU Biodiversity Strategy in Germany" (MAES DE) are to be studied in depth.