Archaeobotanical and geoarchaeological investigations of changing economic systems and environmental conditions at prehistoric settlements in the river landscape of the middle Lahn valley (Gemeinde Weimar, Lkr. Marburg-Biedenkopf)

当前研究项目的目的是以魏玛（拉恩）周围拉恩山谷的史前定居点为例，获得关于黑森低山区中石器时代和中世纪之间史前农业系统和环境条件的特征和变化的结果。为了这个目的，一个广泛的数据集，包括约71000植物分类的栽培和野生植物的遗骸被编译从考古发现。正在进行的评估，这些数据已经提供了在新石器时代，青铜时代和中世纪定居阶段的农业和作物种植在拉恩谷的结果。项目的这一部分将以哈尔施塔特和拉特纳时期的结果结束。随后的历时比较的目标是调查种植植物和农业方法的使用变化以及增加土地使用对植被覆盖发展的影响。关于定居点地区在拉恩和阿尔纳谷底的特殊位置是否决定或影响了定居点的农业的问题，由于方法上的原因，调查达到了极限。拉恩山谷的史前定居点，就像相关农业区的大部分地区一样，受到当地水道不断变化的河流动力的支配。这些可能对农业和畜牧业以及住区发展产生了重大的直接或间接影响。然而，在魏玛（拉恩）周围的研究领域，这些影响仍然是未探索的。因此，我打算通过地质考古调查补充和扩展农业发展的结果。沉积物和考古定居地层的地球科学分析是了解自然对过去经济和定居地区的影响以及人为环境变化的重要起点，也是更好地评估其重要性的重要起点。扩大科学项目的基础是黑森国家考古局工作人员和申请人自1991年开始考古发掘以来收集的独特的考古和科学数据。延续建议的目的是评价关于河谷和河流地质结构以及洪水动力学的现有研究结果，并将其与关于史前和早期农业系统和环境条件变化的考古植物学结果联系起来。

The aim of the current research project is to obtain results on the characteristics and change of prehistoric agricultural systems and environmental conditions between the Mesolithic and Middle Ages in the Hessian low mountain region using the example of prehistoric settlements in the Lahn valley around Weimar (Lahn). For this purpose, an extensive data set comprising remains of about 71000 botanically classified cultivated and wild plants was compiled from archaeological findings.The ongoing evaluation of these data already provides results on agriculture and crop cultivation in the Neolithic, Bronze Age and Medieval settlement phases in the Lahn Valley. This section of the project will come to an end with the results of the Hallstatt and Latène periods. The investigation of changes in the use of cultivated plants and agricultural methods and the effects of increasing land use on the development of vegetation cover are objectives of the subsequent diachronic comparison. Regarding the question of whether the special location of the settlement area in the valley floor of Lahn and Allna determined or influenced the agriculture of the settlements, the investigation reaches its limits for methodological reasons. The prehistoric settlements in the Lahn Valley, just as large parts of the associated agricultural areas, were at the mercy of the changing river dynamics of the local watercourses. These may have had a significant direct or indirect influence on agriculture and livestock farming, as well as on settlement development. However, in the study area around Weimar (Lahn) these influences are still unexplored. Therefore, I intend to supplement and extend the results on agricultural development by geoarchaeological investigations. The geoscientific analysis of sediments and archaeological settlement strata is an important starting point for understanding natural influences on past economic and settlement areas, as well as anthropogenic environmental changes, and for better assessing their significance. The basis for the expansion of the scientific project is the unique collection of archaeological and scientific data which has been collected since the beginning of the archaeological excavations in 1991 by staff members of the State Archaeological Service of Hesse as well as by the applicant. The aim of the continuation proposal is to evaluate the existing findings regarding the geological structure of the valley and the river and flood dynamics and to link them to archaeobotanical results on the changes in prehistoric and early agricultural systems and environmental conditions.