Three-dimensional Stokes inversion with magnetohydrostationary constraints

太阳磁场的非电势构型的特征是在太阳大气中存在大电流。这些构型是色球和日冕活动的早期先兆。这种活动表现为高能量事件，如日冕物质抛射、耀斑、喷发等，它们通过星际介质传播，可以中断卫星通信，并导致影响大量人口的停电。它们还可以中断手机通信、GPS跟踪，甚至导致极地航班延误和/或改变航线。我们建议的目标是开发第一个能够以与麦克斯韦方程和磁流体静力学方程一致的方式推断太阳大气中磁场的真实三维拓扑的反演程序。这将通过使用这个新的代码来分析最近在西班牙加那利群岛上建造的德国1.5米格雷戈尔太阳望远镜的光谱偏振数据(斯托克斯矢量)来实现。这种建模和数据分析的结合将使我们能够正确地推断磁场的电流和非势能配置，从而极大地提高我们预测高能和爆炸性事件的能力，这些事件对行星际介质和地球大气的更高层至关重要。将开发的方法和技术应该成为未来空间天气预测的支柱。因此，一些行业也可以从这些研究中受益，即电信行业、航空公司和电力传输行业。

Non-potential configurations of the Solar magnetic field are characterized by the presence of large electric currents on the solar atmosphere. These configurations are early precursors of chromospheric and coronal activity. This activity manifests itself as highly energetic events like coronal mass ejections, flares, eruptions, etc, that travel through the interplanetary medium and can interrupt satellites communications and cause power blackouts that affect large populations. They can also interrupt cell phone communications, GPS tracking, and even cause delays and/or re-routing of polar flights. The goal of our proposal is to develop the first inversion code capable of inferring the real three-dimensional topology of the magnetic field in the atmosphere of the Sun in a way that is consistent with both Maxwell's equations and the magneto-hydrostatic equations. This will be achieved by using this new code to analyze spectropolarimetric data (Stokes vector) from the recently built German 1.5 meter GREGOR solar telescope located on the Canary Islands (Spain). This combination of modeling and data-analysis will allow us to correctly infer electric currents and non-potential configurations of the magnetic field, thereby greatly improving our ability to forecast energetic and explosive events that are of fundamental importance for the interplanetary medium and for the higher layers of Earth's atmosphere.The methods and techniques that will be developed should become the backbone of future space-weather predictions. Therefore a number of industries can also benefit from these studies, namely tele-communication industries, airlines and power-transmission industries.