Thinking from the Margins: Textual Plurality Outside the Masoretic Tradition

PLURITEXT项目旨在对希伯来语、希腊语和撒玛利亚语的古代犹太文学和撒玛利亚文学中的文本多元性问题进行深入的方法论和解释学思考。20世纪中叶的死海古卷和19世纪末的开罗吉尼扎的发现，不仅为构成希伯来圣经的文本，也为同源的古代犹太文学，提供了新的线索。他们已经证明了希伯来语圣经的文本见证者之间存在着关键的分歧。虽然19世纪的学者通过所谓的URL文本的概念来解决这个问题，但这种回答不再令人满意，根据新的证据，需要重新提出这个问题--圣经是什么？需要新的范式来适应文本的多元化。在这项研究的背景下，本项目的目的是创造和测试新的科学范式，它涵盖了不可减少的文本多元现象并将其概念化。必须宽泛地理解文本多元的概念。对不同文本传统的认识产生了许多神学、法律、政治、社会和文化方面的影响。分析将包括：(1)来自同一语言传统的不同文本见证人；(2)翻译和文化转移现象；(3)通过从一种语言到另一种语言、从一种社会文化身份到另一种语言的过渡，进行语义和概念转换；(4)检查不同见证人之间的文本变体，并将其与犹太教和教父传统进行比较；(5)在编纂层面深入研究经文惯例：副文本元素、更正、边缘注释，通过文本传输作为解释学过程的见证者。显然，在抄写员、译者和讲解员的影响下，文本的传递与其转换是交织在一起的。除了其明确的以科学为导向的目标外，该项目还旨在产生重要的社会文化影响：(1)它表明犹太教和基督教的创始文本从其起源就是多面性的，这引发了其版本的问题；(2)文本多元性作为一个基本概念的诊断使人们重新认识到宗教团体的说法，即这些文本在立法和文化概念、崇拜和特性方面是规范的；(3)因此，它剥夺了宗教原教旨主义的基础，这是基于单一文本的概念。

The project PLURITEXT intends to devote an in-depth methodological and hermeneutical reflection on the question of the textual plurality in ancient Jewish and Samaritan Literature in Hebrew, Greek and Samaritan. The discoveries of the Dead Sea Scrolls, in the middle of the 20th century, and of the Cairo Genizah, at the end of the 19th century, have shed new light on the question of divergent textual forms, not only for the texts that constitute the Hebrew Bible, but also for cognate ancient Jewish literature. They have proved that crucial divergences exist between the textual witnesses of the Hebrew Bible. While 19th century scholars addressed this problem through the concept of an alleged Urtext, this response is no longer satisfactory, and the question, -What is the Bible?- needs to be raised anew, in light of the new evidence. New paradigms are needed to accommodate textual plurality. Against the background of this research-desideratum, the present project aims at the creation and testing of new scientific paradigms, which encompass and conceptualize the phenomenon of an irreducible textual plurality. The concept of textual plurality must be understood broadly. The recognition of divergent textual traditions generates numerous theological, legal, political, social and cultural implications. The analysis would include: (1) divergent textual witnesses from the same linguistic tradition; (2) the phenomenon of translation and cultural transfers it entails; (3) semantic and conceptual transformation through transition from one language to another, from one socio-cultural identity to another; (4) examination of textual variants between the different witnesses, but also with comparison to rabbinical and patristic traditions; (5) in-depth study of scribal practices, at codicological level: paratextual elements, corrections, marginal notes as witnesses of a hermeneutical process through text transmission. Obviously, the transmission of the text is intertwined with its transformation, under the impact of scribes, translators, and commentators. In addition to its clear scientifically-oriented goal, this project aims to have important socio-cultural impact: (1) it shows that the founding text of Judaism and Christianity was polymorph from its origin, which raises the question of its edition; (2) the diagnosis of textual plurality as an essential concept sheds new light at claims of religious communities, that these texts are normative in terms of legislative and cultural concepts, worship and identity; (3) and it therefore deprives religious fundamentalism of its basis, which is based on the concept of a monolithique text.