Urban Air Pollution and Traffic Emissions: New prospects from an analysis at high temporal resolution

该项目希望在城市交通现场应用具有非常高时间分辨率的痕量气体和颗粒测量，以发展我们对污染动态和交通排放的理解。虽然对排放和空气污染物浓度的了解程度已经相当成熟，但新的技术将使我们能够分析单个车辆和车辆队列的NO/NO2/NOx排放比率，这些NOx排放与臭氧化学的影响和相互作用，非常高时间分辨率的NH3/CO2和NOx/CO2排放比率，以及分辨率为10赫兹的非常宽的尺寸范围(几个纳米到至少1微米直径)的气溶胶粒子的排放。在现实世界条件下，各种类型的车辆排放后，直接了解气溶胶动力学将开辟新的前景。建议的概念与城市空气污染和排放分析的其他最新概念一致，如多传感器方法、移动平台测量和涡旋协方差。我们提出的基础研究最终将与其他技术和建模活动相结合，帮助理解城市景观，城市景观受到多种高时间和空间变化过程的影响。自下而上理解城市空气污染的方法将变得可行。核心实验将是一项为期18个月的路边测量。两个密集作业期(IOP)将进一步增加空间代表性，并在其尺寸谱中更详细地了解颗粒的化学成分。

This project wants to apply trace gas and particle measurements with very high temporal resolution at an urban traffic site in order to develop our understanding of pollution dynamics and emissions from traffic. Although the level of understanding about emissions and air pollutant concentrations is rather well developed, novel techniques shall enable us to analyze emission ratios NO / NO2 / NOx of single vehicles and cohorts of vehicles, the impact and interaction of these NOx emissions with the O3 chemistry, the emission ratios NH3 / CO2 and NOx / CO2 with very high temporal resolution, and the emissions of aerosol particles in a very wide spectrum of sizes (few nm up to at least 1 µm diameters) with 10 Hz resolution. New prospects will be opened on the understanding of aerosol dynamics directly after the emission from various types of vehicles under real-world conditions. The proposed concepts are in line with other recent concepts of urban air pollution and emission analysis such as multi-sensor approaches, mobile platform measurements, and eddy covariance. We propose basic research which will eventually and, in combination with other techniques and modelling activities, help to understand the urban landscape, which is influenced by a multitude of processes of high temporal and spatial variabilities. Bottom-up approaches to understand urban air pollution will become feasible. The core experiment will be a 18-month curbside measurement. Two intensive operation periods (IOPs) will add further aspects of spatial representativeness and more detailed information of the chemical composition of particles in their size spectra.