Clean Air for All: Assessment and Mitigation of Urban Air Pollution

人人享有清洁空气：城市空气污染评估和缓解

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-02707
• 负责人: Evans, Greg
• 金额: $ 4.66万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=747255
• 关键词: Clean; Air; Assessment; Mitigation; Urban

Poor air quality is associated with 8.8 million premature deaths and $114B in social costs per year globally. In this NSERC Discovery research program, we will use advanced measurement methods coupled with data mining to better understand emission sources and the resulting exposure of Canadians to air pollution. We will examine traffic related air pollution as this is a priority in Canada; one third of Canadians live close enough to major roads to be potentially impacted. We will investigate the smallest particles emitted from vehicle tailpipes and how these interact with other pollutants already present in the atmosphere. We will explore the increase in recent years in particle emissions from vehicle brakes and tires. We will also evaluate how the reduction in traffic contributed to the improvement in air quality during the 2020 COVID-19 shutdown, and why this differed for different pollutants and in different cities. We will explore new approaches to understanding how exposure to air pollution varies geographically and over time, and apply them nationally and locally, with a focus on evaluating the exposure of people who are potentially more vulnerable people. In particular, we will further develop our AirSENCETM air quality monitoring technology, deploy networks of these sensors-based instruments, and develop new strategies for mining the data we collect. We will examine how the chemical reactivity of ambient particles differs across 40 Canadian cities and how it has changed over the last decade, in order to identify underlying relationships with particle composition and the mixtures of sources in different cities. This research will contribute new fundamental knowledge and further develop technology to support needed policy development by federal, provincial and municipal governments. Our findings will help identify air quality benefits achieved through Ontario's new policy to reduce emissions from trucks. Moreover, they will provide knowledge to evaluate the need for Canada to develop policy around "non-tailpipe" emission from brakes and tires. This research will inform the long-term gains in air quality that can potentially be achieved through future policy changes to promote sustainability, and whether Canada's current air quality monitoring will readily be able to quantify these improvements. Overall this NSERC Discovery program will provide new knowledge needed to reduce the health burden of exposure to air pollution.

空气质量差与全球每年880万人过早死亡和1140亿美元的社会成本有关。在这个NSERC探索研究计划中，我们将使用先进的测量方法，再加上数据挖掘，以更好地了解排放源和加拿大人暴露于空气污染的结果。 我们将研究与交通有关的空气污染，因为这是加拿大的一个优先事项;三分之一的加拿大人居住在离主要道路足够近的地方，可能会受到影响。我们将研究汽车排气管排放的最小颗粒，以及这些颗粒如何与大气中已经存在的其他污染物相互作用。我们将探讨近年来汽车刹车和轮胎颗粒排放量的增加。我们还将评估2020年COVID-19疫情期间交通流量的减少如何有助于改善空气质量，以及不同污染物和不同城市的情况为何不同。 我们将探索新的方法来了解暴露于空气污染如何随地理位置和时间的变化，并将其应用于全国和地方，重点是评估潜在的更脆弱人群的暴露。特别是，我们将进一步开发我们的AirSENCETM空气质量监测技术，部署这些基于传感器的仪器网络，并开发新的策略来挖掘我们收集的数据。我们将研究加拿大40个城市环境颗粒物的化学反应性如何不同，以及它在过去十年中如何变化，以确定不同城市中颗粒物组成和来源混合物之间的潜在关系。这项研究将提供新的基础知识，并进一步开发技术，以支持联邦、省和市政府制定所需的政策。我们的研究结果将有助于确定通过安大略减少卡车排放的新政策所带来的空气质量效益。此外，他们将提供知识，以评估加拿大是否需要制定政策，围绕“非尾气”排放的刹车和轮胎。这项研究将为通过未来政策变化促进可持续性而可能实现的空气质量长期收益提供信息，以及加拿大目前的空气质量监测是否能够随时量化这些改善。总的来说，NSERC的探索计划将提供减少暴露于空气污染的健康负担所需的新知识。