We called workers, but people came who played football. Sport, immigration and integration in France and Western Germany in the long 1960s

近年来，移民史和体育史的研究获得了很大的学术声望，尽管它们肯定是相互分离的，几乎从未交织在一起。在漫长的1960年代，在当代历史上，将这两个领域联系起来的实证研究几乎不存在，特别是考虑到跨国方面时。该项目试图填补这一空白，并审查体育运动对南欧移民融入社会的相关性，特别是业余足球在法国和德国的联邦共和国的作用。分析将主要集中在足球运动的移民谁要么在现有的德国或法国俱乐部结构或在自我组织的俱乐部发挥的案例研究。特别重要的是它们在当地的经验、战略和行动范围。对这两个国家来说，这一观点允许对当时确定的同化和融合模式的共同思维提出批判性质疑，并质疑联合会和政策制定者宣称体育是融合的理想工具的主导话语。该项目旨在用20世纪60年代足球的具体文化接触和实践来面对这种断言。从跨国视角来看，利益在于相似性、差异性以及跨国法德相互依存关系，特别是在运动团队精神和竞争及其各自的表现是否比法国和西德国在移民传统、机会结构和政治文化框架方面的结构性分歧所暗示的相似性更大的问题上。另一个问题是，移民足球在多大程度上可以作为20世纪60年代两个社会实现自由化程度的传感器和密码。关于体育和移徙的辩论、争议和活动在“经济社会”和“光荣时代”更深入地了解与他人的日常互动方面发挥了什么作用？

Studies of immigration history as well as sports history have gained a lot of academic prestige in recent years, although they are certainly separated from each other and hardly ever intertwined. For the long 1960s, empirical studies in contemporary history linking the two fields are nearly inexistent, especially when taking transnational aspects into consideration. The project tries to fill this gap and examines the relevance of sports for the integration of southern European immigrants, specifically the role of amateur soccer in France and the Federal Republic of Germany. The analysis will mainly focus on case studies of soccer playing immigrants who either played in already existing German or French club structures or in self organized clubs. Of particular importance will be the experiences they made, the strategies and scopes of action they had in local contexts. For both countries, this perspective allows a critical questioning of the then common thinking in determined patterns of assimilation and integration as well as a questioning of dominant discourses of federations and policy-makers proclaiming sports as the ideal instrument of integration. The project aims at facing such assertions with the concrete cultural contacts and practices of soccer in the 1960s. Taking on a transnational perspective, interests lie in similarities, differences as well as cross-border franco-german interdependencies and especially in the question of whether the athletic team spirit and rivalry and their respective representations raised more analogies than structural divergencies between France and Western Germany in traditions of immigration, in opportunity structures and in framings of political culture might suggest. Another question would be to what extent immigrant soccer can work as a sensor and cipher for the degree of liberalization achieved in both societies during the 1960s. And what roles do debates, controversies and activities dealing with sports and migration play in providing deeper insights into everyday interaction with otherness in times of "Wirtschaftswunder" and "trente glorieuses"?