Spatiotemporal regulation of peritrichous flagellation in Bacillus subtilis (P11)

鞭毛的时空调控是细菌在环境中生存的关键。鞭毛是运动的细胞器，允许细菌按照化学梯度移动。长期以来，人们一直认为鞭毛的位置和数量（鞭毛模式）在物种之间存在差异。最常见的模式是由单毛（1鞭毛在1极），amphitrichous（1鞭毛在每两极），lophotrichous（多鞭毛在1极）和peritrichous（多鞭毛在侧面，但不是极）分布的鞭毛。在细胞分裂的每个周期中建立这些鞭毛模式的分子机制还远未被理解。对于所有这些不同的鞭毛模式，有两种蛋白质，FlhF和FlhG，这可能是必不可少的。这不仅提出了FlhF/G对如何在给定物种中建立鞭毛模式的问题，而且还提出了它们如何参与产生不同的鞭毛模式的问题。

The proper spatiotemporal regulation of flagella is critical for the environmental success of bac-teria. Flagella are organelles of locomotion and allow bacteria to move in accordance with chemical gradients. It has long been established that place and number of flagella (flagellation pattern) vary among the species. The most common patterns are characterized by the monotrichious (1 flagellum at 1 pole), amphitrichous (1 flagellum at each of both poles), lophotrichous (multiple flagella at 1 pole) and peritrichous (multiple flagella at the lateral sides, but not the poles) distribution of flagella. The molecular mechanisms that establish these flagellation patterns during each cycle of cell division are far from being understood. For all these different flagellation patterns, there are two proteins, FlhF and FlhG, which can be essential. This not only raises the question how the FlhF/G pair establish a flagellation pattern in a given species, but also how they can be involved in generating different ones.