3DIA: 3D printed interactive objects - design, interaction concepts, automation

3D打印变得越来越通用和具有成本效益。拟议的研究特别关注交互式对象的3D打印，其中计算机输入模式（如触摸）的硬件组件直接集成为打印过程的一部分。有两个趋势说明了在这方面取得进展的重要性。首先，3D打印被认为是革命性的生产工程;拟议的研究促进了生产，例如，产品外壳（用于家用电器、工业机械等）其中输入设施已经集成;鉴于电子产品的普遍性，这是最可取的。其次，计算机外围设备即将激增;高潜力归因于针对特定使用场景或用户定制的有形交互设备。本提案中计划的进步将允许通过3D打印一次性生产定制的有形交互设备：与电容显示器相结合，它们将立即准备好使用，否则只需嵌入或连接电子设备即可。该研究提案解决了三个研究问题：（D）设计：如何将3D打印对象的普通设计扩展到交互硬件的设计和嵌入，添加了对用于适当或期望的交互概念的交互组件的定制的支持？（一）互动理念：哪些用户友好和可重复使用的基本交互概念适用于哪些类别的3D打印对象（根据对象形式和功能的丰富性），以及如何将它们整合到设计支持中（D）？（A）自动化：交互式3D打印物体的3D设计的哪些子任务可以自动化，例如，导电材料在非导电材料中的布线或产生所需弹性的支撑结构的计算，以及为此目的需要哪些新的或增强的算法？这些研究问题将在拟议的项目中针对两种特定的输入方式进行解决：（i）触摸和触摸手势（如触摸或抓握）以及（ii）3D打印物体的变形（如弯曲或按压）。这些研究问题的答案将为创建相应的交互式对象提供全面的支持，从已知的3D设计到集成的交互设计，再到自动化的详细设计，直到包括几种商业可用材料的3D打印过程中的生产。

3D printing is getting ever more versatile and cost-effective. The proposed research concerns in particular 3D printing of interactive objects, for which hardware components for computer input modalities (like touch) are directly integrated as part of the printing process. Two trends fuel the importance of advancements in this respect. Firstly, 3D printing is recognized to revolutionize production engineering; the proposed research advances production of, e.g., product enclosures (for household appliances, industrial machinery etc.) in which the input facilities are already integrated; this is most desirable in light of the ubiquity of electronics-prone products. Secondly, computer peripherals are about to proliferate; high potential is attributed to tangible interaction devices that are customized to specific usage scenarios or users. The advancements planned in the present proposal will allow for one-shot production of custom tangible interaction devices via 3D printing: in combination with capacitive displays, they will be instantly ready to use, otherwise after just embedding or attaching the electronics.The research proposal addresses three research questions:(D)esign: How can the common design of 3D printable object extended towards design and embedding of interaction hardware, with added support for the customization of interaction components for appropriate or desired interaction concepts?(I)nteraction concepts: Which user friendly and re-usable basic interaction concepts are suitable for which categories of 3D printed objects (in light of the wealth of object forms and functions) for what, and how can they be conditioned for integration in the design support (D)?(A)utomation: Which subtasks of the 3D design of interactive 3D printed objects can be automated, such as, e.g., the routing of conductive material in non-conductive material or the computation of support structures yielding desired elasticity, and which novel or enhanced algorithms are required for this purpose?These research questions shall be addressed in the proposed project with respect to two specific input modalities: (i) touch and touch gestures (such as touching or grasping) and (ii) deformation (such as bending or pressing) of the 3D printed objects. The answers to these research questions shall lead to comprehensive support for the creation of corresponding interactive objects, from known 3D design via integrated interaction design and via the automated detailed design until the production in a 3D print process that includes several commercially available materials.